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Thromb Haemost 2003; 89(03): 420-428
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613369
Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Cellular Haemostasis
Schattauer GmbH

Molecular evolution of the vertebrate blood coagulation network

Colin J. Davidson
1   Haemostasis Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
,
Robert P. Hirt
2   Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
,
Kalpana Lal
2   Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
,
Philip Snell
3   Fugu Genomics, HGMP Resource Centre, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
,
Greg Elgar
3   Fugu Genomics, HGMP Resource Centre, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
,
Edward G. D. Tuddenham
1   Haemostasis Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
,
John H. McVey
1   Haemostasis Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
› Author Affiliations Financial support: The Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom supported this work.
Further Information

Publication History

Received 12 November 2002

Accepted after revision 08 January 2003

Publication Date:
09 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

In mammalian blood coagulation 5 proteases, factor VII (FVII), factor IX (FIX), factor X (FX), protein C (PC) and prothrombin act with two cofactors factor V and factor VIII to control the generation of fibrin. Biochemical evidence and molecular cloning data have previously indicated that blood coagulation involving tissue factor, prothrombin and fibrinogen is present in all vertebrates. Using degenerate RT-PCR we have isolated and characterized novel cDNAs with sequence identity to the blood coagulation serine proteases and cofactors from chicken and the puffer fish (Fugu rubripes). Sequence alignments, phylogenetic and comparative sequence analysis all support the existence of the Gla-EGF1-EGF2-SP domain serine proteases FVII, FIX, FX, PC and the A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 domain protein cofactors FV and FVIII in these species. These results strongly suggest that the blood coagulation network is present in all jawed vertebrates and evolved before the divergence of tetrapods and teleosts over 430 million years ago; and that vertebrate blood coagulation may have benefited from two rounds of gene or whole genome duplication. Sequences identified in Fugu coding for additional FVII-like, FIX-like and PC-like sequences support the possibility of further tandem and large-scale duplications in teleosts. Comparative sequence analyses of amino acid residues in the active site region suggest these additional sequences have evolved new and as yet unknown functions.

Supplementary information to this article available at both http://europium.csc.mrc.ac.uk and www.thrombosis-online.com

Keywords

Evolution - serine proteases - blood coagulation - cofactors
 

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