Integrating Pharmacologic and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism

Henri Bounameaux

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1615935

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 1999; 82(02): 931-937
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615935

Research Article

Schattauer GmbH

Integrating Pharmacologic and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism

Henri Bounameaux

¹Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, SWITZERLAND

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Full Text

References

References
1 Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’Fallon WM, Melton J. Trends in incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 585-593.
2 Dalen JE, Alpert JS. Natural history of pulmonary embolism. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1975; 17: 257-270.
3 Landefeld CS, Hanus P. Economic burden of venous thromboembolism. Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. Goldhaber SZ. (ed). New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1993: 69-85.
4 Bounameaux H. Current controversies about low-molecular-weight heparins in prevention and therapy of venous thromboembolism. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in Prevention and Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1994: 307-318.
5 Kearon C, Hirsh J. Starting prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism postoperatively. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 366-372.
6 Nicolaides AN, Bergqvist D, Hull RD. et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Int Angiol 1997; 16: 3-38.
7 Leizorovicz A, Haugh MC, Chapuis FR, Samama MM, Boissel JP. Low molecular weight heparin in prevention of perioperative thrombosis. BMJ 1992; 305: 13-20.
8 Nurmohamed MT, Rosendaal FR, Büller HR, Dekker E, Hommes DW, Vandenbroucke JP, Briet E. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard heparin in general and orthopaedic surgery: a meta-analysis. Lancet 1992; 340: 152-156.
9 Kakkar VV, Cohen AT, Edmonson RA, Phillips MJ, Cooper DJ, Das SK, Maher KT, Sanderson RM, Ward VP, Kakkar S. on behalf of the Thromboprophylaxis Collaborative Group. Low molecular weight versus standard heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after major abdominal surgery. Lancet 1993; 341: 259-265.
10 Bachmann F, Leyvraz PF. Low-molecular-weight heparins after orthopedic surgery. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in Prevention and Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism. Bounameaux H. (ed). NewYork: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1994: 187-212.
11 Bounameaux H. Unfractionated versus low-molecular weight heparin. Vasc Med 1998; 3: 41-46.
12 Menzin J, Colditz GA, Regan MM, Richner RE, Oster G. Cost-effectiveness of enoxaparin vs low-dose warfarin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement surgery. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 757-764.
13 Hull RD, Raskob GE, Pineo GF, Feldstein W, Rosenbloom D, Gafni A, Green D, Feinglass J, Trowbridge AA, Elliott CG. Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin vs warfarin for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis after hip or knee implantation. An economic perspective. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 298-303.
14 Hull R, Raskob G, Pineo G, Rosenbloom D, Evans W, Mallory T, Anquist K, Smith F, Hughes G, Green D. et al. A comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with warfarin sodium for prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis after hip or knee implantation. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1370-1376.
15 Leclerc JR, Geerts WH, Desjardins L, Laflamme GH, L’Esperance B, Demers C, Kassis J, Cruickshank M, Whitman L, Delorme F. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty—a randomized double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 619-626.
16 Heit JA, Berkowitz SD, Bona R, Cabanas V, Corson JD, Elliott CG, Lyons R. Efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (ardeparin sodium) compared to warfarin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement surgery: a double-blind, dose-ranging study. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 32-38.
17 Hamulyak K, Lensing AWA, van der Meer J, Smid WM, van Ooy A, Hoek JA. Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulants for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elective hip and knee replacement?. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74: 1428-1431.
18 Francis CW, Pellegrini VD, Marder VJ, Totterman S, Harris CM, Gabriel KR, Azodo MV, Leibert KM. Comparison of warfarin and external pneumatic compression in prevention of venous thrombosis after total hip replacement. JAMA 1992; 267: 2911-2915.
19 Power PJ, Gent M, Jay R. et al. A randomized trial of less intense postoperative warfarin or aspirin therapy in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery for fractured hip. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 771-774.
20 Dale C, Gallus A, Wycherley A, Langlois S, Howie D. Prevention of venous thrombosis with minidose warfarin after joint replacement. BMJ 1991; 303: 224.
21 Gallus A, Cade J, Ockelford P, Hepburn S, Maas M, Magnami H, Bucknall T, Stevens J, Porteous F. Orgaran (Org10172) or heparin for preventing venous thrombosis after elective surgery for malignant disease? A double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 562-567.
22 Bergqvist D, Kettunen K, Fredin H, Fauno P, Suomalainen O, Soimakallio S, Karjalainen P, Cederholm C, Jensen LJ, Justesen T. et al. Thromboprophylaxis in hip fracture patients—a prospective randomized comparative study between Org 10172 and dextran 70. Surgery 1991; 109: 617-622.
23 Gerhart TN, Yett HS, Robertson LK, Lee MA, Smith M, Salzman EW. Low-molecular-weight heparinoid compared with warfarin for prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis in patients who are operated on for fracture in the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991; 73: 494-502.
24 Agnelli G, Cosmi B, Di Filippo P, Ranucci V, Veschi F, Longetti M, Renga C, Barzi F, Gianese F, Lupattelli L. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dermatan sulphate for prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in hip fracture. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67: 203-208.
25 Cohen AT, Phillips MJ, Edmondson RA, Skinner JA, Das SK, Cooper DJ, Thomas EM, Melissari E, Kakkar VV. A dose-ranging study to evaluate dermatan sulphate in preventing deep vein thrombosis following total hip arthroplasty. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 793-798.
26 Eriksson BI, Ekman S, Lindbratt S, Baur M, Bach D, Torholm C, Kalebo P, Close P. Prevention of thromboembolism with use of recombinant hirudin. Results of a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy of desirudin (Revasc) with that of unfractionated heparin in patients having a total hip replacement. J Bone Jt Surg 1997; 79 A 326-333.
27 Eriksson BI, Wille-Jorgensen P, Kälebo P, Mouret P, Rosencher N, Bosch P, Baur M, Ekman S, Bach D, Lindblatt S, Close P. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1329-1335.
28 Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy III. Reduction of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. BMJ 1994; 308: 235-246.
29 Cohen AT, Skinner JA, Kakkar VV. Antiplatelet treatment for thromboprophylaxis: a step forward or backwards?. BMJ 1994; 309: 1213-1217.
30 Huber O, Bounameaux H, Borst F, Rohner A. Postoperative pulmonary embolism after hospital discharge. An underestimated risk. Arch Surg 1992; 127: 310-313.
31 Sarasin FP, Bounameaux H. Cost-effectiveness of prolonged postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation following hospital discharge. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 694-697.
32 Planes A, Vochelle N, Darmon JY, Fagola M, Bellaud M, Huet Y. Risk of deep-venous thrombosis after hospital discharge in patients having undergone total hip replacement: double-blind randomised comparison of enoxaparin versus placebo. Lancet 1996; 348: 224-228.
33 Bergqvist D, Benoni G, Björgell O, Fredin H, Hedlundh U, Nicolas S, Nilsson P, Nylander G. Low-molecular-weight heparin (Enoxaparin) as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 696-700.
34 Sarasin FP, Bounameaux H. Antithrombotic strategy after total hip replacement: a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing prolonged oral anticoagulants with screening for deep vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1661-1668.
35 Allenby F, Boardman L, Pflug JJ, Calnan JS. Effects of external pneumatic compression on fibrinolysis in man. Lancet 1973; 2: 1412-1414.
36 Knight MTN, Dawson R. Effect of intermittent compression of the arms on deep venous thrombosis in the legs. Lancet 1976; 2: 1265-1268.
37 Conchonnet P, Mismetti P, Reynaud J, Laporte-Simitsidis S, Tardy-Poncet B, Boissier C, Rambaud C, Decousus H. Fibrinolysis and elastic compression: no fibrinolytic effect of elastic compression in healthy volunteers. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1994; 5: 949-953.
38 Kessler CM, Hirsch DR, Jacobs H, MacDougall R, Goldhaber SZ. Intermittent pneumatic compression in chronic venous insufficiency favorably affects fibrinolytic potential and platelet activation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1996; 7: 437-446.
39 Christen Y, Wütschert R, Weimer D, de Moerloose P, Kruithof EKO, Bounameaux H. Effects of intermittent compression on venous hemodynamics and fibrinolytic activity. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1997; 8: 185-190.
40 Sabri S, Roberts VC, Cotton LT. Prevention of early postoperative deep-vein thrombosis by intermittent compression of the leg during surgery. BMJ 1971; 4: 394-396.
41 Christen Y, Reymond MA, Vogel JJ, Klopfenstein CE, Morel P, Bounameaux H. Hemodynamic effects of intermittent pneumatic compression of the lower limbs during laparoscopic surgery. Am J Surg 1995; 170: 395-398.
42 Colditz GA, Tuden RL, Oster G. Rates of venous thrombosis after general surgery: combined results of randomised clinical trials. Lancet 1986; 2: 143-146.
43 Clagett GP, Reisch JS. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients. Results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1988; 208: 227-240.
44 Lensing AWA, Hirsh J. ¹²⁵I-Fibrinogen leg scanning: reassessment of its role for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis in postoperative patients. Thromb Haemost 1993; 69: 2-7.
45 Fordyce MJF, Ling RSM. A venous foot pump reduces thrombosis after total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992; 74: 45-49.
46 Wilson NV, Das SK, Kakkar VV, Maurice HD, Smibert JG, Thomas EM, Nixon JE. Thrombo-embolic prophylaxis in total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg BR 1992; 74: 50-52.
47 Bradley JG, Krugener GH, Jager HJ. The effectiveness of intermittent plantar venous compression in prevention of deep venous thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 1993; 8: 57-61.
48 Norgren L, Toksvig-Larsen S, Magyar G, Lindstrand A, Albrechtsson U. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in knee arthroplasty. Preliminary results from a randomized controlled study of low molecular weight heparin vs foot pump compression. Int Angiol 1998; 17: 93-96.
49 Blanchard J, Miron MJ, Bounameaux H. et al. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis following total knee replacement: randomised comparison of low molecular weight heparin versus mechanical prophylaxis with a foot pump system. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999 In press.
50 Lawrence D, Kakkar VV. Graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb: a physiological assessment. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 119-121.
51 Brandjes DPM, Büller HR, Heijboer H, Huisman MV, de Rijk M, Jagt H, ten Cate JW. Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 759-762.
52 Imperiale TF, Speroff T. A meta-analysis of methods to prevent venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. JAMA 1994; 271: 1780-1785.
53 Nurmohamed MT, van Riel AM, Henken CM, Koopman MM, Que GT, d’Azemar P, Buller HR, ten Cate JW, Hoek JA, van der Meer J, van der Heul C, Turpie AG, Haley S, Sicurella A, Gent M. Low molecular weight heparin and compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 233-238.
54 Agnelli G, Piovella F, Buoncristiani P, Severi P, Pini M, D’Angelo A, Beltrametti C, Damiani M, Andrioli GC, Pugliese R, Iorio A, Brambilla G. Enoxaparin plus compression stockings compared with compression stockings alone in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective neurosurgery. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 80-85.
55 Anderson FA, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, Hosmer DW, Forcier A, Patwardhan NA. Changing clinical practice. Prospective study of the impact of continuing medical education and quality assurance programs on use of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 669-677.