Ist Impulsivität ein Risikofaktor für Adipositas?

Zusammenfassung

Impulsivität wird bereits seit einiger Zeit als ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal diskutiert, das einen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Adipositas darstellen könnte. In der Tat konnte in einigen Studien eine erhöhte Impulsivität bei Menschen mit Adipositas im Vergleich zu Normalgewichtigen gefunden werden. In manchen prospektiven Studien zeigte sich eine hohe Impulsivität als Prädiktor einer Gewichtszunahme. In einer großen Anzahl an Studien konnten solche Befunde allerdings nicht belegt werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Impulsivität und Adipositas wird daher von methodischer und inhaltlicher Seite näher beleuchtet. Folgende Aspekte sollten bei der Analyse von Studienergebnissen bzw. deren Interpretation beachtet werden: eine geringe Effektstärke des Zusammenhangs zwischen Impulsivität und Körpergewicht, (2) die Multidimensionalität des Impulsivitätskonstrukts und damit verbunden die Relevanz einzelner Impulsivitätsfacetten bei Adipositas, (3) interaktive Effekte zwischen diesen einzelnen Impulsivitätsfacetten sowie interaktive Effekte zwischen Impulsivität und essensbezogenen Variablen im Zusammenhang mit Adipositas und (4) indirekte Effekte von Impulsivität auf das Körpergewicht, die durch essensbezogene Variablen vermittelt werden.

Summary

Impulsivity has been discussed as a personality trait, which may be a risk factor for the development of obesity. Indeed, some studies showed that obese individuals had higher impulsivity than normal-weight individuals and that higher impulsivity prospectively predicted weight gain. However, these findings could not be established in numerous other studies. Thus, the association between impulsivity and obesity is examined from a methodological and conceptual perspective. The following aspects need to be considered when analyzing and interpreting study results: (1) small effect sizes of the association between impulsivity and body weight, (2) the multidimensional nature of the impulsivity construct and, thus, the relevance of specific impulsivity facets in obesity, (3) interactive effects between these impulsivity facets and interactive effects between impulsivity and eating-related variables in the context of obesity, and (4) indirect effects of impulsivity on body weight that are mediated by eating-related variables.

Schlüsselwörter

Impulsivität - Adipositas - Mediation - Moderation

Keywords

Impulsivity - obesity - mediation - moderation

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