Fremdkörperingestion im Gastrointestinaltrakt

Zusammenfassung

Fremdkörperingestionen sind im Kindesalter häufig. Eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche Komplikation ist vermeidbar, wenn verschluckte Gegenstände rechtzeitig erkannt und je nach ihrer Beschaffenheit und Lage adäquat behandelt werden. Im Ösophagus retinierte Knopfbatterien sind eine Indikation zur sofortigen endoskopischen Entfernung, während andere Gegenstände in der Speiseröhre innerhalb von 24 Stunden geborgen werden sollten. Fremdkörper, die kaudal des Zwerchfelles gelegen sind, werden in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle mit dem Stuhl ausgeschieden. Falls nötig, ist die flexible Endoskopie das Standardverfahren zur Extraktion von Fremdkörpern im Verdauungstrakt. Das Risiko einer Fremdkörperingestion kann durch entsprechende Aufklärung der Sorgeberechtigten verringert werden.

Summary

Ingested foreign bodies are a frequent pediatric problem. Potentially life-threatening complications can be avoided if swallowed objects are detected early and receive adequate treatment according to their characteristics and location. Button batteries lodged in the esophagus pose an indication for emergent endoscopic removal, while objects in the esophagus should be recovered within 24 hours of ingestion. Foreign bodies caudal to the diaphragm are eliminated with the stool in the overwhelming majority of cases. If necessary, flexible endoscopy is the standard method for extraction of foreign bodies from the digestive tract. The risk of foreign body ingestion can be decreased by appropriate anticipatory guidance of a child's caretaker.

Schlüsselwörter

Fremdkörper - Ingestion - Gastrointestinaltrakt - Endoskopie

Keywords

Foreign body - ingestion - gastrointestinal tract - endoscopy

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