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Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2006; 6(04): 249-259
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617914
Parasitosen
Schattauer GmbH

Pediculosis capitis

Die wichtigste Parasitose des KindesaltersHead lice infestationthe most important parasitic skin disease in children
Hermann Feldmeier
1   Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Leiter: Prof. Dr. Dr. U. Göbel)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen: 09 February 2006

angenommen: 13 April 2006

Publication Date:
11 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Mit einer geschätzten Inzidenz von rund 1500 Neuerkrankungen/10 000 Kinder/Jahr ist die Pediculosis capitis eine der häufigsten Infektionskrankheiten in der Gruppe der Acht- bis Zwölfjährigen. Die Parasitose ist heterogen in der Kinderpopulation verteilt mit räumlichen Clustern beispielsweise in einzelnen Schulklassen oder Spielgruppen. Mädchen sind 2- bis 10-mal häufiger betroffen als Jungen. In Deutschland ist die klinische Pathologie in der Regel gering. Der starke Juckreiz führt zu Schlafstörungen. Die Assoziation von Kopfläusen mit mangelnder Hygiene und die behördlichen Auflagen bei persistierender Infestation sind mögliche Ursachen von psychosozialem Stress beim Patienten und dessen Eltern. Die Diagnose wird durch visuelle Inspektion oder durch das Auskämmen der feuchten Haare mit einem Läusekamm gestellt. Die bislang zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen sind unbefriedigend. Ein effizientes Vorgehen gegen die Parasitose verlangt ein neues Konzept.

Summary

With an estimated incidence of approximately 1500 new cases per 10,000 children per year head lice infestation is one of the most frequent infectious diseases in children aged eight to twelve years. The ectoparasitosis is unevenly distributed with spatial clusters in kindergarten groups and school classes. Girls are two to ten times more often affected than boys. In Germany the clinical pathology is usually light. Intense itching causes sleep alterations. As head lice are frequently associated with a lack of hygiene and because children are excluded from their institution in case of prolonged or repeated infestation, patients and their carers may suffer from mental strain and distress. The diagnosis is made clinically by visual inspection or wet combing. Therapy is a matter of concern and new concepts are needed to resolve head lice infestation as a health problem.

Schlüsselwörter

Pediculosis capitis - Kopflaus - Ektoparasitose

Keywords

Head lice infestation - head lice - ectoparasitosis
 

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