Fischöl in der Schwangerschaft? – Neue Erkenntnisse

Zusammenfassung

Der mögliche Nutzen einer mütterlichen Supplementierung mit langkettigen n-3-Fettsäuren (“Fischöl”) während der Schwangerschaft für die kindliche Entwicklung ist seit Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Der Schwerpunkt der ersten klinischen Studien lag auf den Auswirkungen einer Fischölgabe auf den Schwangerschaftsverlauf und die Geburt. Es folgten Studien mit dem Fokus auf der neurologischen Entwicklung und der möglichen Primärprävention allergischer Erkrankungen.

Ein relativ neuer Aspekt im Zusammenhang mit Fischölsupplementierung während der Schwangerschaft ist dessen möglicher Einfluss auf die frühe Fettgewebsentwicklung der Nachkommen als Primärpräventionsstrategie gegen kindliches Übergewicht. Eine systematische Auswertung der verfügbaren Fachliteratur liefert keine überzeugenden Hinweise für den postulierten Nutzen einer Supplementierung mit Fischöl auf maternale und kindliche Parameter, sodass nach dem aktuellen Kenntnisstand eine generelle Supplementierung in der Schwangerschaft nicht empfohlen werden kann. Dies gilt auch für die alleinige Gabe von Docosahexaensäure (DHA).

Summary

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the effects of maternal supplementation with n-3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome and later child development.

The first randomized, controlled trials focused on the effects of n-3-LCPUFA on pregnancy outcome as well as maternal and fetal birth outcomes followed by studies investigating the impact of maternal fish oil supplementation on neurological/cognitive development or atopic risk of the child.

A relatively new upcoming issue in the context of maternal supplementation with n-3-LCPUFA during pregnancy is the role of n-3-LCPUFA in influencing offspring body composition as a prevention strategy against childhood overweight.

A systematic evaluation of the available literature provides no convincing evidence for the postulated benefits of supplementation with n-3-LCPUFA. Thus, according to present knowledge, routine supplementation with n-3-LCPUFA or DHA for pregnant women is not recommended.

Schlüsselwörter

Fischöl - DHA - Supplementierung - Schwangerschaft - Fettgewebsentwicklung

Keywords

Fish oil - DHA - supplementation - pregnancy - adipose tissue development

• Literatur

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