Kalorische Restriktion und Intervall-Fasten schützen durch Veränderungen des Leberfettstoffwechsels vor Typ-2-Diabetes
Ergebnisse aus MausstudienCaloric restriction and intermittent fasting protect from type 2 diabetes by alterations in hepatic lipid metabolismResults from mouse studies
C. Baumeier
1
Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung (DIfE), Abteilung Experimentelle Diabetologie, Prof. Dr. Annette Schürmann, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Deutschland
,
R.W. Schwenk
1
Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung (DIfE), Abteilung Experimentelle Diabetologie, Prof. Dr. Annette Schürmann, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Deutschland
,
A. Schürmann
1
Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung (DIfE), Abteilung Experimentelle Diabetologie, Prof. Dr. Annette Schürmann, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Deutschland
In Anbetracht der steigenden Prävalenz von Adipositas und seinen Komorbiditäten wie Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, adäquate Präventions- und Therapieverfahren zu entwickeln. Interventionen, wie kalorische Restriktion und Intervall- Fasten, zeigten in der Basistherapie des T2D bereits Erfolge, wobei genaue Wirkmechanismen dieser Ansätze noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind. Zur Klärung der molekularen Effekte des Fastens wurden adipöse Mäuse, die eine genetische Prädisposition für T2D besitzen, einer kalorischen Restriktion und einem Intervall-Fasten unterzogen. Sowohl eine Verminderung der Nahrungszufuhr von 10 % als auch die Fütterung an nur jedem zweiten Tag resultierten in einer Reduktion des Körpergewichts und einem kompletten Schutz vor einer Hyperglykämie. Das Intervall- Fasten verbesserte zudem die Insulinsensitivität, was mit einer veränderten Zusammensetzung Lipidtropfen-assoziierter Proteine sowie der Reduktion von Diacylglycerinen in der Leber assoziiert war. Demnach verbessert Fasten den Lipidstoffwechsel und die Insulinsensitivität und führt zu Veränderungen der hepatischen Lipidtropfen-Komposition. Ob letzteres direkt zur Reduktion von lipotoxischen Diacylglycerinen und zum Schutz vor T2D beiträgt, müssen zukünftige Studien zeigen.
Summary
In light of the increasing prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) it is of particular interest to develop adequate prevention and treatment strategies. Interventions such as caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are essential approaches in the basal therapy of T2D. As detailed mechanisms of such therapies are poorly understood, effects of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting were analyzed in obese mice which exhibit a genetic predisposition for T2D. Both interventions resulted in reduced body weight and prevention of hyperglycemia. Moreover, intermittent fasting improved insulin sensitivity, which was associated with altered lipid droplet protein composition and reduced levels of diacylglycerols in the liver. Thus, fasting improves lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity and causes changes in hepatic lipid droplet composition. Whether the alteration of the pattern of lipid droplet proteins directly contributes to a reduction of lipotoxic diacylglycerols and to protection from T2D has to be elucidated in future studies.
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