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Osteologie 2010; 19(03): 245-249
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619946
Bone mechanobiology
Schattauer GmbH

Mechanobiology of bone cells

Mechanobiologie von Knochenzellen
J. Rychly
1   Arbeitsbereich Zellbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Rostock
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

received: 20. August 2010

accepted: 24. August 2010

Publikationsdatum:
30. Dezember 2017 (online)

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Summary

Bone mass, morphology and properties of the bone material are regulated by the functions of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. These cells respond directly or indirectly to mechanical forces from the environment with the expression of differentiation markers, proliferation or release of bioactive factors. Osteocytes appear to be an important regulator for the adaptation of bone to changes in the mechanical environment. Mesenchymal stem cells which are located in bone marrow can be mechanically stimulated to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes but not to adipocytes. Integrin receptors are the principal mediators of mechanical forces and induce a signal transduction. The conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical signals is facilitated by unfolding of proteins to expose binding sites. Implant materials offer the opportunity to control the mechanical stimulation of cells by modifying the rigidity, geometry of adhesion sites, and the 3D-environment.

Zusammenfassung

Knochenmasse, Morphologie und Eigenschaften des Knochens werden durch Osteoblasten, Osteozyten und Osteoklasten reguliert. Diese Zellen reagieren direkt oder indirekt auf mechanische Stimuli aus der Umgebung mit der Expression von Differenzierungsmarkern, mit Proliferation oder Freisetzung von bioaktiven Faktoren. Osteozyten sind wichtige Regulatoren für die Adaptation des Knochens an Veränderungen der mechanischen Umgebung. Mesenchymale Stammzellen, die im Knochenmark lokalisiert sind, können durch mechanische Stimulation in Osteoblasten und Chondrozyten, aber nicht in Adipozyten differenzieren. Integrinrezeptoren sind die wesentlichen Mediatoren der mechanischen Kräfte und induzieren eine Signaltransduktion. Die Umwandlung von mechanischen Signalen in biochemische Signale wird durch das Entfalten von Proteinen zur Präsentation von Bindungsstellen ermöglicht. Implantatmaterialien bieten die Möglichkeit, durch Modifikation der Steifigkeit, der geometrischen Anordnung von Adhäsionsmotiven und der Gestaltung der 3D-Umgebung die mechanische Stimulation der Zellen zu steuern.

Keywords

Bone cells - mechanics - mesenchymal stem cells - differentiation

Schlüsselwörter

Knochenzellen - Mechanik - mesenchymale Stammzellen - Differenzierung
 

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