Virale Dermatosen bei Hund und Katze

Zusammenfassung

Virale Dermatosen kommen bei Kleintieren nur selten vor und werden vermutlich auch häufig übersehen. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist, die klinischen und histologischen Veränderungen viraler Dermatosen bei Hunden und Katzen darzustellen. Berücksichtigung finden insbesondere Veränderungen, die direkt oder indirekt von Viren der Gattungen und Familien Papillomavirus, Ortho- und Parapoxvirus, Herpesvirus, Retrovirus, Lentivirus, Morbillivirus und Parvovirus verursacht werden. Neueste Techniken wie DNA-Amplifikation machen den Nachweis kleinster viraler DNA- und RNA-Mengen möglich und vereinfachen so die Diagnosestellung. Allerdings darf nicht vergessen werden, dass der Nachweis viraler DNA in Hautläsionen noch keinen Beweis für das Vorliegen einer viralen Dermatose darstellt. Demzufolge ist es unerlässlich, zwischen Veränderungen, die direkt aufgrund einer Virusinfektion entstanden sind, und solchen, die mit viralen Erkrankungen nur assoziiert sind, zu unterscheiden. Auf Letztere wird im vorliegenden Artikel nur dann eingegangen, wenn besagte Assoziationen in der Literatur häufig erwähnt werden. Einige Dermatosen, die indirekt durch Viren verursacht werden, zeichnen sich durch veränderte Proliferisationseigenschaften oder Antigenität der Hautzellen aus. Solche Modifikationen können mit Kanzerogenese oder immunologischen Reaktionen, wie beispielsweise einem Erythema multiforme, einhergehen.

Summary

Viral dermatoses are considered rare in domestic animals but are probably often underdiagnosed. The purpose of this review is to present the clinical and histological features of viral dermatoses in domestic animals. It will focus on conditions directly or indirectly caused by viruses of the genera Papillomavirus, Orthoand Para-Poxvirus, Herpesvirus, Retrovirus, Lentivirus, Morbillivirus and Parvovirus. New techniques such as nucleic acid amplification enable the detection of minute amounts of viral DNA and RNA. Diagnoses have consequently been facilitated. However, one must keep in mind that detection of viral nucleic acid in skin lesions does not prove that the virus is the cause of the disease. It is mandatory to distinguish diseases that are directly caused by viruses and conditions that are sometimes associated with viruses. The latter will only be mentioned when they are frequently reported in the literature. Some dermatoses are caused indirectly by viruses that modify the proliferation properties or the antigenicity of skin cells. These modifications may be associated with cancerization or immunologic reactions such as erythema multiforme.

Schlüsselwörter

Virus - Dermatose - Hund - Katze

Key words

Virus - dermatosis - dog - cat

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