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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2013; 41(05): 315-324
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623186
Übersichtsartikel
Schattauer GmbH

Zur Bedeutung der Trockenperiode für die Entstehung und Vorbeugung von Neuinfektionen der bovinen Milchdrüse

Significance of the dry period for the development and prevention of new infections of the bovine mammary gland
J. Pieper
1   Mikrobiologie, Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Fakultät II, Hochschule Hannover
2   Klinik für Rinder, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
,
M. Hoedemaker
2   Klinik für Rinder, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
,
V. Krömker
1   Mikrobiologie, Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Fakultät II, Hochschule Hannover
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

Eingegangen: 21. Oktober 2012

Akzeptiert nach Revision: 15. Mai 2013

Publikationsdatum:
08. Januar 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Trockenperiode birgt eine außerordentlich hohe Neuinfektionsgefahr für die bovine Milchdrüse, insbesondere durch umweltassoziierte Mastitiserreger. In der Regel ruft eine Infektion während der Trockenperiode keine klinischen Symptome hervor, führt aber oft nach dem Kalben, in den ersten Wochen der Laktation, zu einer klinischen Mastitis. Eine Reduzierung der Neuinfektionen trockenstehender Kühe kann die Mastitisinzidenz während der Frühlaktation deutlich verringern. Im Verlauf der Trockenperiode bleibt die Neuinfektionsrate nicht konstant, sondern ist unmittelbar nach dem Trockenstellen sowie kurz vor dem Kalben besonders hoch. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Neuinfektion wird multifaktoriell durch Tier-, Erreger- und Umwelteinflüsse bestimmt. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielt hierbei der Verschluss des Zitzenkanals durch einen Keratinpfropf. Im Rahmen des antibiotischen Trockenstellens gibt es unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen. Es können alle Euterviertel aller trockenzustellenden Kühe antibiotisch behandelt werden (generelles antibiotisches Trockenstellen, GAT) oder nur die Euterviertel der Kühe, in deren Milch Mastitiserreger oder erhöhte Zellgehalte nachgewiesen wurden (selektives antibiotisches Trockenstellen, SAT). Bei letzterer Variante muss weiterhin unterschieden werden, ob sich die Behandlung auf alle oder nur das von einer Infektion oder einem erhöhten Zellgehalt betroffene Euterviertel erstreckt. Anstelle des Einsatzes antibiotischer Wirkstoffe oder als Ergänzung dazu eignen sich Zitzenversiegler, die den Zitzenkanal nach außen hin abdichten und so die Funktion des Keratinpfropfes ergänzen oder übernehmen. Des Weiteren existieren einige alternative Vorgehensweisen zur Vermeidung von Neuinfektionen. Von übergeordneter Bedeutung ist allerdings die Minderung des Infektionsdrucks. Hierfür bestehen zahlreiche Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Hygiene im Haltungsumfeld der Trockensteher.

Summary

The dry period poses an extraordinarily high risk of new infections for the bovine mammary gland. Environmental pathogens are of particular importance during this time. Normally, an infection during the dry period does not cause clinical symptoms, but is often responsible for clinical mastitis in the first weeks of lactation. Reducing new infections in dry cows can significantly decrease mastitis incidence in early lactation. During the course of the dry period, the new infection rate does not remain constant, but peaks immediately after drying off and shortly before calving. The chance of a new infection is influenced multifactorially by the animal, pathogen and environment. In this context, the closure of the teat canal using a keratin plug is very important. There are different approaches to antibiotic dry cow treatment. Either all udder quarters of all dry cows are treated (blanket dry-cow treatment) or just the udder of animals with a proven infection or an increased somatic cell count (selective dry-cow treatment). In the latter case, all udder quarters of an animal may be treated or just the one in which the infection or the increased somatic cell count was found. Instead of, or as a supplement to antibiotic treatment, teat sealers can be used. They support or take over the function of the keratin plug by closing the teat canal. In addition, there are some alternative methods to prevent new infections. Nevertheless, reducing the risk of infection is of primary importance. For this purpose, there are numerous options for improving hygiene in the environment of dry cows.

Schlüsselwörter

Eutergesundheit - Mastitis - Trockensteher - Antibiose - Neuinfektionsrate - Laktation

Key words

Udder health - mastitis - dry cow - antibiosis - new infection rate - lactation
 

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