Chronobiologie

Rhythmisch verlaufende Prozesse in lebenden Organismen werden in dem wissenschaftlichen Gebiet der Chronobiologie untersucht. Beim Menschen sind vor allem die 24-Stunden-Rhythmen von großer Bedeutung. Die wichtigste Erkenntnis chronobiologischer Forschung ist, dass durch „innere Uhren“ endogene autonome Rhythmen erzeugt werden.

• Literatur

• 1 Menzel W. Clinical roots of biological rhythms research (Chronobiology). In: Hildebrandt G, Moog R, Raschke F. Hrsg. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine. Frankfurt: Peter Lang; 1987: 277-287.
• 2 Kleitman N. Sleep and Wakefulness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1963
• 3 Czeisler CA, Weitzman ED, Moore-Ede MC, Zimmermann JC, Knauer RS. Human sleep: Its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase. Science 1980; 210: 1264-1267.
• 4 Aschoff J. Circadian rhythms in man. Science 1965; 148: 1427-1432.
• 5 Aschoff J, Wever R. Spontanperiodik des Menschen bei Ausschluss aller Zeitgeber. Naturwissenschaften 1962; 49: 337-342.
• 6 Wever R. The Circadian System of Man. Berlin: Springer; 1979
• 7 Zulley J. Schlafen und Wachen als biologischer Rhythmus. Regensburg: Roderer; 1993. Im Internet: http://www.zulley. de/dokumente/SchlafenundWachen.pdf
• 8 Campbell SS, Dawson D, Zulley J. When the Human Circadian System is Caught Napping: Evidence for Endogenous Rhythms Close to 24 hours. Sleep 1993; 16: 638-640.
• 9 Lewy AJ, Wehr TA, Goodwin FK, Newsome DA, Markey S. Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans. Science 1980; 210: 1267-1269.
• 10 Cajochen C, Kräuchi K, Wirz-Justice A. Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. J Neuroendocrinol 2004; 15: 1-6.
• 11 Wever RA, Polasek J, Wildgruber CM. Bright light affects human circadian rhythms. Pflügers Arch 1983; 391: 85-87.
• 12 Arendt J, Skene DJ. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med Rev 2005; 9: 25-39.
• 13 Thapan K, Arendt J, Skene DJ. An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, nonecone photoreceptor system in humans. J Physiol 2001; 535: 261-267.
• 14 Zulley J, Campbell S. Napping behavior during „spontaneous internal desynchronization“: sleep remains in synchrony with body temperature. Human Neurobiol 1985; 4: 123-126.
• 15 Campbell SS, Zulley J. Napping in Time-Free Environments. In: Dinges DF, Broughton RJ. editors. Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral, and Medical Aspects of Napping. New York: Raven Press; 1989: 121-138.
• 16 Zulley J. Schlaf und Temperatur unter freilaufenden Bedingungen. In: Bericht über den 30. Kongress der dtsch. Ges für Psychol. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1976: 398-399.
• 17 Zulley J. Distribution of REM sleep in entrained 24 hour and free-running sleep-wake cycles. Sleep 1980; 2: 377-89.
• 18 Zulley J, Wever R, Aschoff J. The dependence of onset and duration of sleep on the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature. Pflügers Arch 1981; 391: 314-318.
• 19 Zulley J, Knab B. Unsere Innere Uhr. Frankfurt; Mabuse: 2009
• 20 Borbely AA. A two process model of sleep regulation. Human Neurobiol 1982; 1: 194-204.
• 21 Daan S, Beersma DG, Borbely AA. Timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker. Am. J. Physiol 1984; 246: R161-R184.
• 22 Dudley C, Erbel-Sieler C, Estill SJ, Reick M, Franken P, Pitts S. Altered patterns of sleep and behavioral adaptability in NPAS2-deficient mice. Science 2003; 301: 379-383.
• 23 Dunlap JC, Loros JJ, De Coursey PJ. Chronobiology: biological timekeeping. Sunderland: Sinauer; 2004
• 24 Hildebrandt G, Moser M, Lehofer M. Chronobiologie und Chronomedizin. Stuttgart: Hippokrates; 1998
• 25 Haen E, Zulley J. Chronomedizin. Regensburg: Roderer; 1994
• 26 Erren TC, Koch MS, Groß JV, Kämmerer-Cruchon S, Fuchs A, Pinger A, Reiter RJ. Chronomedicine: an old concept’s fledging? A selective literature search. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2012; 33 (04) 357-360.
• 27 Lemmer B. Chronopharmakologie. Stuttgart: Wiss. Verlagsgesellschaft; 2004
• 28 American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The international classification of sleep disorders: Diagnostic and coding manual. 2nd ed.. Westchester/IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005