Die Einschätzung des Suizidrisikos

Zusammenfassung

Bei weltweit jährlich annähernd einer Million Todesfällen durch Suizid stellt suizidales Verhalten eine der größten Herausforderungen an die öffentlichen Gesundheitssysteme moderner Gesellschaften dar. Unter präventiven Gesichtspunkten kommt deshalb der Einschätzung des individuellen Suizidrisikos zu beliebigen Zeitpunkten erhebliche Bedeutung zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die enorme Komplexität dieses Problems, das nicht befriedigend gelöst wurde, und zeigt auf, dass ein integrierter Ansatz, der nicht nur klinische und psychosoziale, sondern auch aktuelle neurobiologische Erkenntnisse berücksichtigt, sich als vielversprechend erweist und Fortschritte – auch in präventiver Hinsicht – erwarten lässt.

Summary

Current epidemiological data reveal that suicide is a prominent cause of death worldwide with approximately one million victims per year and therefore represents a major challenge for the public health systems of modern societies. To improve our methods of suicide prevention, the reliable assessment of an individual person’s suicide risk at any point in time with sufficient sensitivity and specificity appears to be an important milestone, but this has not yet been achieved. The present contribution provides a review of the enormous complexity of the problem and suggests an integrated approach taking into account not only clinical and psychosocial aspects, but also recent neurobiological findings.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidales Verhalten - Epidemiologie - Einschätzung des Suizidrisikos - Suizidprävention - Neurobiologie

Keywords

Suicidal behaviour - epidemiology - suicide risk assessment - suicide prevention - neurobiology

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