Aspekte der Genetik, Epigenetik und Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion bei suizidalem Verhalten

I. Giegling; D. Rujescu

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1627008

Nervenheilkunde, Table of Contents

Nervenheilkunde 2017; 36(04): 233-238
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627008

Suizid

Schattauer GmbH

Aspekte der Genetik, Epigenetik und Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion bei suizidalem Verhalten

Aspects of genetics, epigenetics and gene environment interaction in suicidal behavior

I. Giegling

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

,

D. Rujescu

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Suizidalem Verhalten liegt ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von vielen Faktoren zugrunde. Es wirken unterschiedliche Risiken zusammen, wie psychiatrische Erkrankungen, Persönlichkeitsparameter (z. B. Aggression, Impulsivität, Neurotizismus), schwere Kindheitstraumata, chronische Erkrankungen, soziale Faktoren (z. B. Arbeitslosigkeit, fehlendes soziales Netz, traumatische Lebensereignisse), kognitive Flexibilität sowie neurobiologische und genetische Faktoren. Dabei fungieren die letzteren im Sinne prädisponierender Risikofaktoren in Wechselwirkung mit Umweltfaktoren. Im Folgenden sollen die konsistentesten genetischen Befunde zusammengefasst werden. Insbesondere wird auf die familiäre Häufung suizidalen Verhaltens sowie auf die geschätzte Heritabilität von ca. 40–55% eingegangen. Darüber hinaus werden Kandidatengenstudien insbesondere aus dem Feld des serotonergen Systems vorgestellt, neuere genomweite Assoziationsstudien diskutiert sowie Gen-Umwelt-Analysen und epigenetische Ansätze beleuchtet.

Summary

Suicidal behavior is based on a complex interaction of many different factors. There are different risks, such as psychiatric disorders, personality traits (e.g. aggression, impulsiveness, neuroticism), severe childhood traumas, chronic illnesses, social factors (e.g. unemployment, lack of a social network, traumatic life events), cognitive flexibility, as well as neurobiological and genetic factors. The latter of which act in the sense of predisposing risk factors in interaction with environmental factors. In the following, the most consistent genetic findings are summarized below. In particular, the familial accumulation of suicidal behavior as well as the estimated heritability of about 40–55% are discussed. Furthermore, candidate gene studies are presented especially from the field of the serotonergic system, recent genome-wide association studies are discussed as well as gene environment analyzes and epigenetic approaches are pointed out.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidalität - Genetik - Gen - Serotonin - GenUmwelt-Analyse - Epigenetik

Keywords

Suicidality - genetics - gene - serotonin - gene environment analysis - epigenetic

Full Text

References

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