Implementierung von Peer-Arbeit

Zusammenfassung

Die informellen Wurzeln von Peer-Arbeit bestehen schon lange, für die psychiatrische Regelversorgung in Deutschland stellt sie hingegen ein neuartiges Angebot dar. Eine Implementierung von Peer-Arbeitern in eine bestehende Einrichtung stellt somit eine Herausforderung dar und muss gut geplant werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnisstand bezüglich der Implementierung von Peer-Arbeit. Besonders wichtig sind vorbereitende Maßnahmen für Peers und die zukünftigen Mitarbeiter, um Rollenkonflikte zu vermeiden sowie eine gute Vorbereitung auf institutioneller Ebene. Zudem sollten strukturelle Voraussetzungen sowie Qualitätsstandards für die Arbeitsbedingungen von Peers geschaffen werden. Zukünftige Forschungsprojekte sollten die Entwicklung von Best-practice-Modellen zum Ziel haben, um peer-spezifische Einflüsse bei der Implementierung zu erhalten.

Summary

While grassroots of peer-support have existed for decades, in Germany it represents an innovative approach in standard mental health care. Thus, the implementation of peer support in existing structures is an organizational challenge for inpatient or outpatient services, and requires sufficient, well prepared strategies. This article gives an overview of the recent level of knowledge concerning the implementation of peer support. To avoid role conflicts, it is crucial to provide preparatory measures for peer support workers and non-peer staff, as well as preimplementation strategies on organizational levels. Furthermore, it is important to set structural requirements and quality standards for working conditions of peer support workers. Future research should acquire best practice guidelines to obtain peer specific benefits.

Schlüsselwörter

Peer-Arbeit - Implementierungsforschung - Best practice - Sozialpsychiatrie - Recovery

Keywords

Peer support - implementation - best practice - social psychiatry - recovery

• Literatur

• 1 Doughty C, Tse S. Can consumer-led mental health services be equally effective? An integrative review of CLMH Services in high-income countries. Community Ment Health J 2011; 47: 252-266.
• 2 Pitt V, Lowe D, Hill S, Prictor M, Hetrick SE, Ryan R. et al. Consumer-providers of care for adult clients of statutory mental health services. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013 03. CD004807.
• 3 Hamilton A, Chinman M, Cohen AN, Young AS. Implementation of consumer providers into mental health intensive case management teams. J Behav Health Serv Res 2013; 40: 1-8.
• 4 Repper J. Peer Support Workers: a practical guide to implementation. Implementing Recovery through Organisational Change 2013. www.imroc.org/media/publications
• 5 Slade M, Amering M, Farkas M. et al. Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery-oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry 2014; 13: 12-20.
• 6 Gates L, Akabas S. Developing strategies to integrate peer-providers into the staff of mental health agencies. Adm Policy Ment Health 2007; 34: 293-306.
• 7 Chinman M, Shoai R, Cohen A. Using organizational change strategies to guide peer support technician implementation in the Veterans Administration. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2010; 33: 269-277.
• 8 Chinman M, Oberman MA, Hanusa BH. et al. A cluster randomized trial of adding peer specialists to intensive case management teams in the veterans health administration. J Behav Health Serv Res 2013; 40: 1-12.
• 9 Moran G, Russinova Z, Gidugu V, Gagne C. Challenges Experienced by paid peer providers in mental health recovery. Community Ment Health J 2013; 49: 281-291.
• 10 Gillard S, Edwards C, Gibson SL. et al. Introducing peer worker roles into UK mental health service teams: a qualitative analysis of the organisational benefits and challenges. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13: 188.
• 11 Stewart S, Watson S, Montague R, Stevenson C. Set up to fail? Consumer participation in the mental health service system. Australasian Psychiatry 2008; 16: 348-353.
• 12 Kemp V, Henderson AR. Challenges faced by mental health peer support workers: peer support from the peer supporter’s point of view. Psychiatric Rehabilitation J 2012; 35 (04) 337-40.
• 13 Salzer MS, Shear SL. Identifying consumer-provider benefits in evaluations of consumer-delivered services. Psychiatric Rehabilitation J 2002; 25 (03) 281-8.
• 14 Gillard S, Holley J, Gibson S. et al. Introducing new peer worker roles into mental health services in england: comparative case study research across a range of organisational contexts. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2014 published online first.
• 15 Moll S, Holmes J, Geronimo J, Sherman D. Work transitions for peer support providers in traditional mental health programs: unique challenges and opportunities. Work 2009; 33: 449-458.
• 16 Creamer MC, Varker T, Bisson J, Darte K, Greenberg N, Lau W. et al. Guidelines for peer support in high-risk organizations: An international consensus study using the delphi method. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2012; 25: 134-141.
• 17 Jacobson N, Trojanowski L, Dewa CS. What do peer support workers do? A job description. BMC health services research 2012; 12: 205.
• 18 Jahnke B. EX-IN Kulturlandschaften. Neumünster: Paranus Verlag; 2014: 34.
• 19 Jackson C. Peer to peer. Mental health today 2008; 10-2.
• 20 Mead S. Von Trauma-Erfahrenen geleitete Krisenzentren. In: Lehmann P, Statstny P. Statt Psychiatrie 2. Berlin: Peter Lehmann Antipsychiatrieverlag; 2007: 218-227.
• 21 Ihde-Scholl T. Ex-In: vom Ichzum Wir-Wissen» – ein persönlich gefärbter Erfahrungsbericht. Kantonal-Bernischer Hilfsverein für psychisch Kranke 2014; 5 www.be-hilfsverein.ch/publikationen
• 22 Chinman M, Young AS, Hassell J, Davidson L. Toward the implementation of mental health consumer provider services. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 2006; 33: 176-95.