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Nervenheilkunde 2014; 33(01/02): 57-63
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627670
Schwabinger Neuroseminar
Schattauer GmbH

Ich sehe was, was Du nicht siehst

Physiologie und Differenzialdiagnose visueller Halluzinationen bei neurologischen ErkrankungenI spy with my little eyePhysiology and differential diagnosis of visual hallucinations in neurological disorders
M. Paulig
1   Abteilung für Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie, Schön Klinik, München Schwabing
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

eingegangen am: 30. August 2013

angenommen am: 05. September 2013

Publikationsdatum:
23. Januar 2018 (online)

    Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Visuelle Halluzinationen sind ein häufiges Begleitsymptom verschiedener Erkrankungen des Gehirns oder des Auges. Sie können als ein phänomenologisches Korrelat der funktionellen Hirnanatomie, insbesondere des visuellen Systems betrachtet werden. Sogar bei gesunden Menschen kann es unter Bedingungen einer beeinträchtigten Vigilanz oder sensorischer Deprivation zu visuellen Halluzinationen kommen. Dies legt nahe, dass sie der normalen visuellen Informationsverarbeitung im Gehirn inhärent sind. Die Kenntnis ihrer Semiologie und Neurobiologie verschafft dem Neurologen ein hilfreiches Rüstzeug bei der Läsionslokalisation und Differenzialdiagnose. Dieser Artikel setzt seinen Fokus auf häufige Störungsbilder in der neurologischen Praxis, z. B. Migräne, Epilepsie, Störungen der Schlafarchitektur, Charles-Bonnet-Syndrom und neurodegenerative Erkrankungen. Abgesehen davon können visuelle Halluzinationen im psychiatrischen Klientel, z. B. bei Schizophrenie oder Substanzgebrauch, vorkommen, was in diesem Artikel nicht vertieft wird.

Summary

Visual hallucinations are common attending ills in different acute and chronic diseases affecting the brain or the eye. They may be considered as phenomenological correlates of the cerebral functional architecture particularly of the visual system. Even in healthy subjects visual hallucinations can occur during impaired vigilance or sensory deprivation indicating that they are inherent in the normal processing of visual information in the brain. The knowledge of their semiology and neurobiology provides the neurologist with a useful armamentarium for lesion localization and differential diagnosis. This article focusses on frequent disorders in neurological practice, e.g. migraine, epilepsy, sleep disorders, Charles Bonnet syndrome, and neuro-degenerative diseases. Apart from that, visual hallucinations may also occur in psychiatric clients with for instance schizophrenia or substance abuse. These disorders are not addressed by this paper.

Schlüsselwörter

Visuelle Halluzinationen - Gehirn - Charles-Bonnet-Syndrom - Differenzialdiagnose - visuelles System

Keywords

Visual hallucinations - brain - Charles Bonnet syndrome - differential diagnosis - visual system
 

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