Autonome Funktionsdiagnostik

Zusammenfassung

Nicht invasive, klinische Funktionsuntersuchungen des autonomen Nervensystems (ANS) sind weit verbreitet. Das Ziel klinischer autonomer Tests ist die Diagnosestellung autonomer Dysfunktionen, die Erfassung der Schwere und Verteilung autonomer Störungen sowie die präzise neurotopische Lokalisation der betroffenen prä- oder postganglionären Anteile des ANS. Eine Vielzahl autonomer Funktionsuntersuchungen sind gut validiert, reproduzierbar, sensitiv und erfassen wichtige Komponenten des ANS, wie die Sudomotorik, kardiovagale Innervation oder die adrenerge Blutdruckregulation. Zunehmend eingesetzt werden die nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung des sympathischen Nervensystems am Herzen und die morphologische Darstellung autonomer Nervenfasern mittels Hautbiopsie.

Summary

Noninvasive, clinical tests of autonomic function are available and are in relatively wide use. The specific aim of clinical autonomic testing is to diagnose autonomic failure or dysfunction, define the severity and distribution of autonomic failure, and define the site of the lesion (preganglionic or postganglionic). There are a number of tests that are well-validated, reproducible, sensitive and evaluate important components of the autonomic nervous system (sudomotor function, cardiovagal and adrenergic function). In recent years single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used more and more to visualize sympathetic innervation of the heart. Skin biopsy has become a popular procedure to search for the presence of autonomic neuropathy.

Schlüsselwörter

Autonome Funktionsuntersuchung - Blutdruckregulation - Synkope - Herzfrequenzvariabilität - Sudomotorik

Keywords

Autonomic testing - blood pressure regulation - syncope - heart rate variability - sudomotor

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