Wahrnehmung sozialer Normen und Regeln in spieltheoretischer Perspektive bei psychischen Störungen

Zusammenfassung

Menschliches Zusammenleben erfordert die Fähigkeit sich in andere hineinzuversetzen, Kompromisse zu schließen und gemeinsame Normen und Werte zu entwickeln. Autismus und Schizophrenien stellen schwere psychische Erkrankungen dar, die sich auch in erheblichen Schwierigkeiten in der sozialen Interaktion und der Verletzung von Regeln und Konventionen manifestieren. Spieltheoretische Szenarien ermöglichen es, diese Aspekte experimentell zu untersuchen und Schlussfolgerungen über Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der beiden Störungsbilder auf Verhaltensebene zu ziehen. Funktionell-bildgebende Verfahren bieten die Möglichkeit die zugrunde liegenden neuronalen Mechanismen aufzuklären. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit stellt einige spieltheoretische Modelle zum Verständnis von Altruismus und sozialen Normen in ihren evolutionsbiologischen und ontogenetischen Bezügen vor und stellt erste Untersuchungen bei Autismus und Schizophrenien vor, die dazu dienen, soziale Verhaltensstörungen der betroffenen Patienten besser verstehen zu können.

Summary

Human interaction requires an understanding of others’ minds, negotiating social relationships and developing social norms and values. Autism and schizophrenia are severe psychiatric syndromes both of which are characterised by poor social competence and violations of social rules and conventions. Gametheoretical scenarios allow to experimentally model these aspects, and to reveal commonalities and differences between these disorders at the behavioural level. In addition, functional brain imaging can assist in elucidating the underlying neural mechanisms. This overview summarises some game-theoretical models to explain altruism and social norm appreciation in evolutionary and ontogenetic perspective.The review highlights first results of studies using game theory to better understand social behavioural dysfunction in autism and schizophrenia.

Schlüsselwörter

Autismus - Kooperation - Spieltheorie - Schizophrenie

Keywords

Autism - cooperation - game theory - schizophrenia

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