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Nervenheilkunde 2011; 30(06): 401-409
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628380
Soziale Neurowissenschaften
Schattauer GmbH

Determinants of trust

Einflussfaktoren von Vertrauen
M. Lehmann-Waffenschmidt
1   Faculty of Business and Economics, TU Dresden
,
K. Leipold
1   Faculty of Business and Economics, TU Dresden
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Publikationsverlauf

Eingegangen am: 02. Januar 2011

angenommen am: 12. Januar 2011

Publikationsdatum:
22. Januar 2018 (online)

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Summary

Trust is important in social, economic and political life and therefore it is subject to research in various disciplines. This paper discusses recent research on trust from an economic perspective, especially about what determines and influences trust and trustworthiness. Trust is traditionally measured with the help of survey questions, but since the last two decades experimental games are primarily applied to measure actual trusting behavior. Summing up the results, trust is not only determined by belief about the trustworthiness of the partner, but is additionally based on different preference components such as risk preferences and social preferences. Especially the dislike of being betrayed by another person is an inhibitor of trust. Furthermore, this paper reviews differences in trusting behavior across cultures and concerning demographic variables. So far, however, the experimental evidence does not show a uniform picture. Indeed, individual differences in preferences and beliefs seem to provide an explanation for the observed differences in trust.

Zusammenfassung

Vertrauen spielt eine wichtige Rolle im sozialen, ökonomischen und politischen Bereich und ist damit Forschungsgegenstand verschiedener Disziplinen. Dieser Artikel analysiert aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus der Ökonomie und beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit den Bestimmungsgründen und Einflussfaktoren von Vertrauen und Vertrauenswürdigkeit. Vertrauen wird traditionell mithilfe von Fragebögen erfasst. In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten wurden zunehmend experimentelle Paradigmen zur Messung von Vertrauen eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Experimente zeigen, dass Vertrauen nicht nur von den Erwartungen bzgl. der Vertrauenswürdigkeit des Partners abhängt, sondern ebenfalls von verschiedenen Präferenzkomponenten, z. B. von Risikopräferenzen und sozialen Präferenzen. Besonders die Abneigung von anderen betrogen zu werden, verhindert die Bildung von Vertrauen. Des Weiteren gibt der Artikel einen Überblick über kulturelle und demografische Einflussfaktoren von Vertrauen. Die experimentellen Studien zeigen jedoch kein eindeutiges Ergebnis. Es ist zu vermuten, dass beobachtete Unterschiede im Vertrauen auf individuelle Unterschiede der Präferenzen und Erwartungen zurückzuführen sind.

Keywords

Trust - trustworthiness - trust game - social preferences

Schlüsselwörter

Vertrauen - Vertrauenswürdigkeit - Vertrauensspiel - soziale Präferenzen
 

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