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Nervenheilkunde 2010; 29(06): 372-377
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628774
Parkinson
Schattauer GmbH

Experimentelle Therapiestrategien

Ansätze für eine neurorestaurative Behandlung des Morbus ParkinsonExperimental therapy strategiesApproaches for neurorestaurative treatment of Parkinson’s disease
A. Storch
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Technische Universität Dresden
2   Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden
,
M. Löhle
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Technische Universität Dresden
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

Eingegangen am: 29. Januar 2010

angenommen am: 03. März 2010

Publikationsdatum:
24. Januar 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Für die restaurative Therapie verloren gegangener Zell- und Gewebefunktionen hat sich der Einsatz von Stammzellen in vielen medizinischen Bereichen als attraktive Strategie erwiesen, sodass Stammzelltherapien in einigen Fachgebieten mittlerweile zum klinischen Alltag gehören. Die Komplexität des Gewebes im zentralen Nervensystem beschränkt die therapeutischen Anstrengungen häufig auf die Rekonstitution umschriebener, gut bekannter Neurotransmitterdefizite, wie beispielsweise die Rekonstitution des nigrostriatalen Systems beim Morbus Parkinson. So wurden in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl neuer innovativer Stammzellquellen für die Zellersatztherapie des Morbus Parkinson entwickelt. Dazu zählen die embryonalen Stammzellen, adulte und fetale gewebsspezifische neurale Stammzellen und die neuen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen, die für autologe Therapiestrategien verfügbar wären. Daneben wurden durch die Entwicklung von innovativen Biomaterialien neue orthotope Strategien möglich, die möglicherweise eine Rekonstruktion des dopaminergen nigrostriatalen Systems erlauben. In dieser Arbeit möchten wir verschiedene Strategien der Nutzung von Stammzellen zur Therapie des Morbus Parkinson vorstellen und deren mögliche klinische Anwendung kritisch diskutieren.

Summary

Stem cell therapy represents an attractive approach for the restoration of compromised cell and tissue function in various diseases and has already become an integrative part of clinical treatment in some fields of medicine. The complexity of the central nervous system limits therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases to the reconstitution of selective and circumscribed neurotransmitter deficits, such as the restoration of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson’s disease. During recent years, various new stem cell sources have been examined for cell replacement therapies in Parkinson’s disease, such as embryonic stem cells, adult and fetal neural stem cells as well as the newly discovered induced pluripotent stem cells, which could be used for autologous transplantations. Moreover, orthotopic cell replacement has become a possible treatment option due to the development of modern biomaterials, which may facilitate the reconstruction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in future. In this paper we present possible strategies for the therapeutic use of stem cells in Parkinson’s disease and critically discuss their clinical application.

Schlüsselwörter

Stammzelltherapie - Morbus Parkinson - induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen - Neurorestauration - Neurotransplantation

Keywords

Stem cell therapy - Parkinson’s disease - induced pluripotent stem cells - neurorestoration - neurotransplantation
 

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