Update Botulinumtoxin in der Nervenheilkunde

Zusammenfassung

Es war der Erfolg bei den fokalen Dystonien wie Blepharospasmus und Torticollis spasmodicus, der in den 1990er-Jahren zu einer breiten Akzeptanz von Botulinumtoxin (BTX) als Therapeutikum über die Neurologie hinaus führen sollte. In der Zwischenzeit ist BTX Mittel der ersten Wahl bei den fokalen Dystonien sowie dem Spasmus hemifazialis, stellt ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der multimodalen Spastiktherapie dar und die Zahl an beschriebenen Indikationen wächst weiter. Die Rolle lokalisatorischer Techniken bei der Applikation wird diskutiert. BTX hat einen festen Platz in der Behandlung autonomer Störungen wie der Hyperhidrosis und der Sialorrhoe. Der Einsatz von BTX als Schmerzmittel bei Kopfschmerzsyndromen und neuropatischen Schmerzen wird intensiv erforscht. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst den aktuellen Stand von BTX in der Nervenheilkunde zusammen.

Summary

The success of botulinum toxin (BTX) in the 1990s as new treatment for focal dystonias such as blepharospasm and spasmodic torticollis led to a broad acceptance of this substance even beyond neurology. BTX is in the meantime treatment of first choice for focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm, has a fundamental role in the management of spasticity and is used in autonomic disturbances such as hyperhydrosis and sialorrhoea. BTX use as analgesic in headache and neuropathic pain is intensively investigated. This article reviews the present role of BTX in neurology.

Schlüsselwörter

Botulinumtoxin - Dystonie - Spastik - autonome Störungen - Schmerz

Keywords

Botulinum toxin - dystonia - spasticity - vegetative disorders - pain

• Literatur

• 1 Adler CH. et al. Botulinum toxin type A for treating voice tremor. Arch Neurol 2004; 61 (09) 1416-20.
• 2 Barbano RL. Needle EMG guidance for injection of botulinum toxin. Needle EMG guidance is useful. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24 (11) 1567-8.
• 3 Benecke R. et al. A new botulinum toxin type A free of complexing proteins for treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology 2005; 64 (11) 1949-51.
• 4 Berweck S, Schroeder AS, Fietzek UM, Heinen F. Sonography-guided injection of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy. Lancet 2004; 363 (9404): 249-50.
• 5 Blitzer A, Brin MF. Laryngeal dystonia: a series with botulinum toxin therapy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991; 100 (02) 85-9.
• 6 Blitzer A, Brin MF, Stewart C, Aviv JE, Fahn S. Abductor laryngeal dystonia: a series treated with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 1992; 102 (02) 163-7.
• 7 Blitzer A, Lovelace RE, Brin MF, Fahn S, Fink ME. Electromyographic findings in focal laryngeal dystonia (spastic dysphonia). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1985; 94: 591-594.
• 8 Brashear A. et al. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after a stroke. N Engl J Med 2002; 347 (06) 395-400.
• 9 Breidenbach MA, Brunger AT. Substrate recognition strategy for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Nature 2004; 432 7019 925-9.
• 10 Brin MF. et al. A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Neurology 2001; 56 (11) 1523-8.
• 11 Bushara KO, Park DM. Botulinum toxin and sweating. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57 (11) 1437-8.
• 12 Carroll I, Clark JD, Mackey S. Sympathetic block with botulinum toxin to treat complex regional pain syndrome. Ann Neurol 2009; 65 (03) 348-51.
• 13 Ceballos-Baumann A. Die Rolle der EMG-Steuerung bei der Botulinumtoxin-Therapie. Klin Neurophysiol 2003; 34: 1-7.
• 14 Ceballos-Baumann AO. Evidence-based medicine in botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia. J Neurol 2001; 248 (Suppl. 01) 14-20.
• 15 Chen R, Karp BI, Goldstein SR, Bara-Jimenez W, Yaseen Z, Hallett M. Effect of muscle activity immediately after botulinum toxin injection for writer’s cramp. Mov Disord 1999; 14 (02) 307-12.
• 16 Cohen S, Parkman HP. Treatment of achalasiawhalebone to botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 (12) 815-6.
• 17 Colosimo C, Salvatori FM. Injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia. Mov Disord 2009; 24 (02) 316-7.
• 18 Comella C, Jankovic J, Leurgans S, Fan W, Chmura T, Group DS. Botulinum serotype A compared to B in cervical dystonia: Randomized, double-blind, parallel study. Ann Neurol 2004; 56 (Suppl.): 25.
• 19 Comella CL, Buchman AS, Tanner CM, Brown TN, Goetz CG. Botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic torticollis: increased magnitude of benefit with electromyographic assistance. Neurology 1992; 42 (04) 878-82.
• 20 Daelen B, Thorwirth V, Koch A. [Neurogenic temporomandibular joint dislocation. Definition and therapy with botulinum toxin]. Nervenarzt 1997; 68 (04) 346-50.
• 21 de Paiva A, Meunier FA, Molgo J, Aoki KR, Dolly JO. Functional repair of motor endplates after botulinum neurotoxin type A poisoning: biphasic switch of synaptic activity between nerve sprouts and their parent terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96 (06) 3200-5.
• 22 Ferrari Jr. AP, Siqueira ES, Brant CQ. Treatment of achalasia in Chagas’ disease with botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 (12) 824-5.
• 23 Fietzek UM, Schroeteler FE, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Goal attainment after treatment of parkinsonian camptocormia with botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 2009; 24 (13) 2027-8.
• 24 Foster L. et al. Botulinum toxin A and chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind study. Neurology 2001; 56 (10) 1290-3.
• 25 Fu KY, Chen HM, Sun ZP, Zhang ZK, Ma XC. Longterm efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 48 (04) 281-4.
• 26 Geenen C, Consky E, Ashby P. Localizing muscles for botulinum toxin treatment of focal hand dystonia. Can J Neurol Sci 1996; 23 (03) 194-7.
• 27 Giovannelli M, Borriello G, Castri P, Prosperini L, Pozzilli C. Early physiotherapy after injection of botulinum toxin increases the beneficial effects on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 2007; 21 (04) 331-7.
• 28 Haussermann P, Marczoch S, Klinger C, Landgrebe M, Conrad B, Ceballos-Baumann A. Long-term follow-up of cervical dystonia patients treated with botulinum toxin A. Mov Disord 2004; 19 (03) 303-8.
• 29 Heckmann M, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Plewig G. Botulinum toxin A for axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). N Engl J Med 2001; 344 (07) 488-93.
• 30 Herting B, Wunderlich S, Glockler T, Bendszus M, Mucha D, Reichmann H. et al. Computed tomographically-controlled injection of botulinum toxin into the longus colli muscle in severe anterocollis. Mov Disord 2004; 19 (05) 588-90.
• 31 Hesse S, Jahnke MT, Luecke D, Mauritz KH. Shortterm electrical stimulation enhances the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in hemiparetic patients. Neurosci Lett 1995; 201 (01) 37-40.
• 32 Hexsel DM, De Almeida AT, Rutowitsch M, De Castro IA, Silveira VL, Gobatto DO. et al. Multicenter, double-blind study of the efficacy of injections with botulinum toxin type A reconstituted up to six consecutive weeks before application. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29 (05) 523-9.
• 33 Jabusch HC, Vauth H, Altenmuller E. Quantification of focal dystonia in pianists using scale analysis. Mov Disord 2004; 19 (02) 171-80.
• 34 Jankovic J. Needle EMG guidance for injection of botulinum toxin. Needle EMG guidance is rarely required. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24 (11) 1568-70.
• 35 Karp BI, Cole RA, Cohen LG, Grill S, Lou JS, Hallett M. Long-term botulinum toxin treatment of focal hand dystonia. Neurology 1994; 44 (01) 70-6.
• 36 Költgen D, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Franke C. Botulinum toxin converts muscle acetylcholine receptors from adult to embryonic type. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17 (07) 779-84.
• 37 Kruisdijk JJ. et al. Botulinum toxin for writer’s cramp: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial and 1-year follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78 (03) 264-70.
• 38 Marion MH, Afors K, Sheehy MP. [Problems of treating writer’s cramp with botulinum toxin injections: results from 10 years of experience]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2003; 159 (10 Pt 1): 923-7.
• 39 Mathew NT, Kailasam J, Meadors L. Predictors of response to botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in chronic daily headache. Headache 2008; 48 (02) 194-200.
• 40 Molloy FM. et al. Accuracy of muscle localization without EMG: implications for treatment of limb dystonia. Neurology 2002; 58 (05) 805-7.
• 41 Ondo WG, Hunter C, Moore W. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin B for sialorrhea in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2004; 62 (01) 37-40.
• 42 Pasricha PJ, Miskovsky EP, Kalloo AN. Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin for suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Gut 1994; 35 (09) 1319-21.
• 43 Pasricha PJ. et al. Treatment of achalasia with intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin. A pilot trial. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121 (08) 590-1.
• 44 Pasricha PJ. et al. Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for the treatment of achalasia. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 (12) 774-8.
• 45 Pasricha PJ, Ravich WJ, Kalloo AN. Botulinum toxin for achalasia. Lancet 1993; 341 (8839): 244-5.
• 46 Petri S. et al. Botulinum toxin as preventive treatment for migraine: a randomized double-blind study. Eur Neurol 2009; 62 (04) 204-11.
• 47 Piovesan EJ. et al. An open study of botulinum-A toxin treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology 2005; 65 (08) 1306-8.
• 48 Poulain B. et al. Neurotransmitter release is blocked intracellularly by botulinum neurotoxin, and this requires uptake of both toxin polypeptides by a process mediated by the larger chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85 (11) 4090-4.
• 49 Qerama E. et al. A double-blind, controlled study of botulinum toxin A in chronic myofascial pain. Neurology 2006; 67 (02) 241-5.
• 50 Ranoux D, Attal N, Morain F, Bouhassira D. Botulinum toxin type A induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain. Ann Neurol 2008; 64 (03) 274-83.
• 51 Roggenkamper P. e al. Efficacy and safety of a new Botulinum Toxin Type A free of complexing proteins in the treatment of blepharospasm. J Neural Transm 2006; 113: 303-331.
• 52 Ross MH, Charness ME, Sudarsky L, Logigian EL. Treatment of occupational cramp with botulinum toxin: diffusion of toxin to adjacent noninjected muscles. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20 (05) 593-8.
• 53 Schnider P, Binder M, Berger T, Auff E. Botulinum A toxin injection in focal hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 1996; 134 (06) 1160-1.
• 54 Schuele S, Jabusch HC, Lederman RJ, Altenmuller E. Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of musician’s dystonia. Neurology 2005; 64 (02) 341-3.
• 55 Schulze-Bonhage A, Schroder M, Ferbert A. Botulinum toxin in the therapy of gustatory sweating. J Neurol 1996; 243 (02) 143-6.
• 56 Scott AB. Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. Ophthalmology 1980; 87 (10) 1044-9.
• 57 Snow BJ. et al. Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double-blind study. Ann Neurol 1990; 28 (04) 512-5.
• 58 Straube A. et al. Pericranial injection of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) for tension-type headache – a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15 (03) 205-13.
• 59 Tsui JK, Bhatt M, Calne S, Calne DB. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of writer’s cramp: a doubleblind study. Neurology 1993; 43 (01) 183-5.
• 60 Tsui JKC, Eisen A, Stoessel AJ, Calne DB. Double blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. Lancet 1986; 02: 245-185.
• 61 Turjanski N. et al. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of writer’s cramp. Clin Neuropharmacol 1996; 19 (04) 314-20.
• 62 von Coelln R, Raible A, Gasser T, Asmus F. Ultrasound-guided injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia. Mov Disord 2008; 23 (06) 889-92.
• 63 Wissel J. et al. Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin treatment in 43 patients with head tremor. Mov Disord 1997; 12 (05) 722-6.
• 64 Yuan RY. et al. Botulinum toxin for diabetic neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Neurology 2009; 72 (17) 1473-8.