Kognitive Defizite als Komorbidität neurologischer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Kognitive Defizite können bei vielen neurologischen Erkrankungen in deren Verlauf nachgewiesen werden. Dabei gibt es häufig eine Assoziation zwischen erkrankten ZNS-Regionen und den kognitiven Defiziten. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über kognitive Defizite bei neurodegenerativen, neuroinflammatorischen und vaskulären Erkrankungen sowie bei Epilepsie. Es bleibt festzuhalten, dass neben der Anamnese eine eingehende neuropsychologische Testung die wichtigste Untersuchung zur Diagnose kognitiver Defizite darstellt. Weiterhin ist wichtig, dass neben einer spezifischen antidementiven Therapie zunächst die leitliniengerechte Therapie der Grunderkrankung im Vordergrund steht. Häufig kann so ein Progress der kognitiven Defizite verzögert oder verhindert werden.

Summary

Cognitive deficits are a symptom associated with a variety of neurological disorders during their course. In general, there is an association between site of lesion within the CNS and the kind of cognitive deficits. We summarize cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation as well as epilepsia and vascular disease. Most importantly, a thorough neuropsychometric testing is essential to characterize the deficits. In addition, despite the possibility of treating the dementia, it is even more important to treat the underlying disorder according to standard treatment guidelines. This is most likely to delay or sometimes stop dementia progression.

Schlüsselwörter

Kognitive Defizite - vaskuläre Demenz - MS - Epilepsie - neurodegenerative Erkrankungen

Keywords

Cognitive deficits - vascular dementia - MS - epilepsia - neurodegenerative disease

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