Praktische Aspekte der subkutanen Immuntherapie

Zusammenfassung

Die spezifische Immuntherapie ist die einzige kausale Therapieoption in der Behandlung allergischer Erkrankungen. Da die meisten allergischen Erkrankungen wie Nahrungsmittelallergien, atopische Dermatitis, Asthma bronchiale und allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis ihren Anfang in den ersten Lebensjahren nehmen, liegt es nahe, in diesem Zeitraum eine spezifische, gegen die allergische Komponente gerichtete Therapie zu beginnen. Studien aus den letzten Jahren weisen darauf hin, dass durch eine subkutane Immuntherapie (SCIT) die Ausbreitung neuer Sensibilisierungen (das „Spreiten“) eingeschränkt werden kann. Auch das spätere Auftreten eines Asthma bronchiale bei Kindern mit allergischer Rhinokonjunktivitis (der sog. „Etagenwechsel“) kann durch eine frühzeitige SCIT signifi-kant reduziert werden. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Indikation zur subkutanen Immuntherapie (wer und wann?) und die praktischen Aspekte der Durchführung (womit? wie lange?) auf dem Hintergrund aktueller Daten dargestellt.

Summary

Specific immunotherapy is the only causal treatment option for allergic diseases. Allergic complaints i. e. food allergy, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis start during the first years in childhood. Therefore it is reasonable to initiate a specific treatment early in life. Clinical trials showed that specific subcutaneous immunotherapy is able to prevent the development of new sensitizations and the progression from allergic rhinitis to bronchial asthma in children. We discuss here the indication and practical aspects for specific subcutaneous immunotherapy considering recently published data and targeting the following aspects: Who should be treated? When should we start to treat? And how long should we treat children with SCIT?

Schlüsselwörter

Subkutane spezifische Immuntherapie - allergische Rhinitis - Asthma bronchiale

Keywords

Subcutaneous immunotherapy - allergic rhinitis - bronchial asthma

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