Grundlagen und psychosomatische Aspekte der kindlichen Adipositas

S. Bergmann; A. M. Klein; M. Grube

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1629133

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Table of Contents

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2011; 11(03): 137-143
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629133

Psychosomatik

Schattauer GmbH

Grundlagen und psychosomatische Aspekte der kindlichen Adipositas

Basics and psychosomatic aspects of childhood obesity

S. Bergmann

¹Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, IFB AdipositasErkrankungen, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters

,

A. M. Klein

²Universität Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Leipzig

,

M. Grube

²Universität Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Leipzig

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahrzehnten kam es sowohl in Deutschland als auch weltweit zu einer Verdopplung bis Verdreifachung der Prävalenzraten für kindliche Adipositas. Die Entstehung einer Adipositas im Kindesalter wird auf eine Vielzahl von genetischen, biologischen und psychischen Komponenten sowie Umweltfaktoren zurückgeführt, die sich innerhalb eines komplexen Wirkungsgefüges gegenseitig beeinflussen. Adipöse Kinder und Jugendliche sind körperlichen, gesundheitlichen sowie psychosozialen Risiken ausgesetzt. Psychische Auffälligkeiten können infolge einer Adipositas entstehen, aber auch im Vorfeld zur Entstehung einer Adipositas beitragen. Psychiatrische Komorbiditäten sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, die aufgrund ihres Gewichts Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen, hoch, was eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung notwendig macht. Ebenso scheint die Entwicklung zielgruppenspezifischer Präventionsmaßnahmen notwendig zu sein. Eine bariatrische Operation sollte als mögliche Option nur bei extrem adipösen Patienten mit erheblicher somatischer Komorbidität in Betracht gezogen werden. Das Ziel bleibt die Entwicklung langfristig wirksamer Interventions- und Präventionsprogramme sowie die Entstigmatisierung von Adipösen.

Summary

In the past decades the prevalence rates of childhood obesity have doubled or tripled across the world as well as in Germany. The development of childhood obesity can be attributed to genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors, which mutually influence each other within complex ways of interaction. Obese children and adolescents are exposed to physical, psychosocial and health risks. Psychological symptoms can follow obesity, but also may precede the development of adiposity and may contribute to its manifestation. Psychiatric comorbidity is elevated in clinical samples of children and adolescents seeking help for their obesity. Therefore, an interdisciplinary treatment is required as well as the development of preventive measures which target at specific groups. Bariatric surgery should only be an option for extremely obese patients with a substantial somatic comorbidity. The development of intervention and prevention programmes showing long term effectiveness and the destigmatization of the obese remain goals for the future.

Schlüsselwörter

Kindliche Adipositas - Risikofaktoren - Psycho-somatik

Keywords

Childhood obesity - risk factors - psychosomatics

Full Text

References

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