Bioreaktoren für Knochen-Tissue-Engineering

Zusammenfassung

Zur medizinischen Behandlung großer Knochendefekte oder Verletzungen werden als Alternative zu etablierten Behandlungs-methoden neue Konzepte des Tissue Engineering (TE) diskutiert. Beim Knochen-TE ist es das Ziel, eine mit Zellen besiedelte drei-dimensionale (3D), biologisch abbaubare Struktur am Ort der Verletzung zu implantieren. Techniken für die organotypische Kultivierung von Knochenzellen in vitro beruhen auf der Kultivierung von Gewebezellen in Bioreaktoren in einem definierten Kultur-medium auf porösen Matrizes (Scaffolds), um ein gewebeähnliches Wachstum in 3D-Strukturen zu ermöglichen. Ein wichtiger Faktor für die erfolgreiche 3D-Kultur ist die Schaffung adäquater Strömungsbedingungen, die wiederum Einfluss auf die biochemischen und biophysikalischen (z. B. mechanische) Reize haben, denen die Zellen ausgesetzt sind. Hier müssen neben Schereffekten auch Stofftransportlimitierungen berücksichtigt werden. Der Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Stand bei der Entwicklung von Bioreaktoren für die Generierung von Knochenersatzmaterialien zusammen.

Summary

For the medical treatment of large bone defects or injuries new concepts of tissue engineering (TE) are discussed as an alternative to established methods of treatment. The goal of bone-TE is the implantation of threedimensional (3D), biodegradable implants seeded with bone cells at the site of injury. Techniques for the organotypic culture of bone cells in vitro are based on the cultivation of tissue cells in a defined culture medium in bioreactors on porous matrices (scaffolds) to allow a tissue-like three-dimensional growth. An important factor for successful 3D culture is the creation of adequate flow conditions, which in turn influence the biochemical and biophysical (e. g. fluidmechanical) stimuli to which the cells are exposed. Here also mass transport limitations must be considered in addition to shear effects. The article summarizes the current state of the art with respect to development of bioreactors for the generation of bone implants.

Schlüsselwörter

Tissue Engineering - Knochen - Bioreaktor - Perfusion

Keywords

Tissue engineering - bone - bioreactor - perfusion

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