Evaluation of Sacroiliac Wedge Rotation to Increase Acetabular Ventroversion

Summary

Treatment of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) via triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is widely accepted as the treatment that best preserves the existing hip joint. TPO, however, has several important disadvantages. In an effort to avoid some of the difficulties associated with TPO an alternative method of creating acetabular ventroversion (AW) was sought. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of placement of a wedge in the sacroiliac (SI) joint on A W and to compare this to the effect of TPO on A W . On one hemipelvis a 30° pelvic osteotomy plate was used for TPO. The contralateral hemipelvis had a 28° SI wedge inserted into the SI joint. Pre- and postsurgical radiographs of each pelvis were taken and the angular measurements were recorded. On average, the 28° SI wedge resulted in 20.9° of A W, the 30° canine pelvic osteotomy plate resulted in 24.9° A W . Significant differences were not found (p >0.05) between the two techniques. Sacroiliac wedge rotation effectively creates A W and has several theoretical advantages when compared to TPO. The in vivo effects of sacroiliac wedge rotation should be studied in order to evaluate the clinical effect of the technique.

Sacroiliac wedge rotation was tested as an alternative method to increase the angle of acetabular ventroversion. This technique effectively rotated the acetabulum and has several theoretical advantages when compared to triple pelvic osteotomy.

Keywords

Acetabular canine

• REFERENCES

• 1 Barr ARS, Denny HR, Gibbs C. Clinical hip dysplasia in growing dogs: the long-term results of conservative management. J Small Anim Pract 1987; 28: 243-52.
• 2 Dejardin LM, Perry RL, Arnoczky SP, Torzilli PA. The effect of triple pelvic osteotomy on hip force in dysplastic dogs: a theoretical analysis. Vet Surg 1996; 25: 114-20.
• 3 Dejardin LM, Perry RL, Arnoczky SP. The effect of triple pelvic osteotomy in the articular contact area of the hip joint in dysplastic dogs: an in vitro experimental study. Vet Surg 1998; 27: 194-202.
• 4 Graehler RA, Weigel JP, Pardo AD. The effects of plate type, angle of ilial osteotomy, and degree of axial rotation on the structural anatomy of the pelvis. Vet Surg 1994; 23: 13-20.
• 5 Gregory CR, Cullen JM, Pool R, Vasseur PB. The canine sacroiliac joint: Preliminary study of anatomy, histopathology, and biomechanics. Spine 1986; 11: 1044-8.
• 6 Hohn RB, Janes JM. Pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop 1969; 62: 70-8.
• 7 Hosgood G, Lewis DD. Retrospective evaluation of fixation complications of 49 pelvic osteotomies in 36 dogs. J Sm An Prac 1993; 34: 123-30.
• 8 Hunt CA, Litsky AS. Stabilization of canine pelvic osteotomies with AO/ASIF plates and screws. Vet Comp Orthop Traumotol 1988; 1: 52-7.
• 9 Johnson AL, Smith CW, Pijanowski GJ, Hungerford LL. Triple pelvic osteotomy: effect on limb function and progression of degenerative joint disease. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 260-4.
• 10 Johnson JA, Austin C, Breur GJ. Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 through 1989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumotol 1994; 7: 56-69.
• 11 Koch DA, Hazewinkel HAW, Nap RC. et al Radiographic evaluation and comparison of plate fixation after triple pelvic osteotomy in 32 dogs with hip dysplasia. Vet Comp Orthop Traumotol 1993; 6: 9-15.
• 12 McLaughlin R, Miller CW. Evaluation of hip joint congruence and range of motion before and after triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumotol 1991; 4: 65-9.
• 13 McLaughlin RM, Miller CW, Taves CL. et al Force plate analysis of triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 291-7.
• 14 Miller ME, Evans HE, Christensen GC. Anatomy of the dog. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1979: 254-6.
• 15 Plante J, Dupuis J, Beauregard G. et al Long-term results of conservative treatment, excision arthroplasty and triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia in the immature dog. Part 1: Radiographic and physical results. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1997; 10: 101-10.
• 16 Rasmussen LM, Kramek BA, Lipowitz AJ. Preoperative variables affecting long-term outcome of triple pelvic osteotomy for treatment of naturally developing hip dysplasia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 213: 80-5.
• 17 Remedios AM, Fries CL. Implant complications in 20 triple pelvic osteotomies. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1993; 6: 202-7.
• 18 Salter RB. Innominate osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dislocation and subluxation of the hip. J Bone Jt Surg 1961; 43-B: 518-39.
• 19 Slocum B, Devine Slocum T. Pelvic osteotomy for axial rotation of the acetabular segment in dogs with hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract) 1992; 22: 645-82.
• 20 Slocum B, Devine T. Pelvic osteotomy in the dog as treatment for hip dysplasia. Semin Vet Med Surg 1987; 2: 107-16.
• 21 Sukhiani HR, Holmberg DL, Hurtig MB. Pelvic canal narrowing caused by triple pelvic osteotomy in the dog. Part 1: The effect of pubic remnant length and angle of acetabular rotation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumotol 1994; 7: 110-3.