Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1998; 11(03): 141-145
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632536
Original Research
Schattauer GmbH

The Expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β in the Synovial Fluid of Horses with Surgically-Induced Transient Synovitis

Christine L. Theoret
1   From the Departments of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery
,
S. M. Barber
1   From the Departments of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery
,
J. R. Gordon
1   From the Departments of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery
1   From the Departments of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received:22 October 1997

Accepted:14 January 1998

Publication Date:
10 February 2018 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

This study investigates the presence of various cytokines in the synovial fluid of three horses with surgicallyinduced synovitis in one antebrachiocarpal joint. Synovial fluids were sampled from experimental and control joints, preoperatively and at two and 30 days post-operatively. Samples were analyzed for interleukin-1 and interleukin- 6 bioactivities with a bioassay, and for transforming growth factor-beta protein by ELISA. Peak cytokine levels were detected on day two post-synovectomy, and returned to pre-operative levels by 30 days post-synovectomy (Interleukin-6 in treated joints: day #0; 0.53 ±0.2, day #2; 9.8 ± 0.7, day #30; 0.4 ± 0.2. Transforming growth factorbeta in treated joints: day #0; 314 ± 69, day #2; 1101 ± 325, day #30; 321 ± 101). Arthrocentesis alone (i.e. control joints) caused no increase in interleukin- 1, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta levels. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 are thought to both prevent anabolic and enhance catabolic effects within articular cartilage matrices, whereas it has been proposed that transforming growth factor-beta may have a protective effect on the articular cartilage. This study is the first to document elevated transforming growth factor-beta levels in equine joints.

This study documents elevated levels of transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in the joints of horses with surgically-induced transient synovitis.

Keywords

Equine - synovitis - cytokine
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Alwan WH, Carter SD, Dixon JB, Bennett D, May S, Edwards GB. Interleukin-l-like activity in synovial fluids and sera of horses with arthritis. Res Vet Sci 1991; 51: 72-7.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Bertone AL, Palmer JL, Jones J. Synovial fluid inflammatory mediators as markers of equine synovitis. Vet Surg 1993; 22: 372 Abstr.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bigg HF, Cawston TE. The effect of retinoic acid in combination with platelet-derived growth factor-BB or transforming growth factor-beta on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagenase secretion from human skin and synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1996; 166: 84-93.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bucht A, Larsson P, Weisbrot L, Thorne C, Pisa P, Smedegard G, Keystone EC, Gronberg A. Expression of interferon-gamma, IL-10, IL-12 and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA in synovial fluid cells from patients in the early and late phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 103: 357-67.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Billinghurst RC, Fretz PB, Gordon JR. Induction of intra-articular tumor necrosis factor during acute inflammatory responses in equine arthritis. Equine Vet J 1995; 27: 208-16.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Chandrasekhar S, Harvey AK. Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent inhibitor of IL-1 induced protease activity and cartilage proteoglycan degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 157: 1352-9.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Dinarello CA. Biologic basis for interleukin- 1 in disease. Blood 1996; 87: 2095-147.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Dinarello CA. Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J 1988; 2: 108.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Fava RA, Olsen NJ, Postlethwaite AE, Broadley KN, Davidson JM, Nanney LB, Lucas C, Townes AS. Transforming growth factor β1 induced neutrophil recruitment to synovial tissues: implications for TGF-£ driven synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. J Exp Med 1991; 173: 1121-32.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Goldring MB, Birkhead J, Sandell LJ, Kimura T, Krane SM. Interleukin 1 suppresses expression of cartilage-specific types II and IX collagens and increases types I and III collagens in human chondrocytes. Clin Invest 1988; 82: 2026-37.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Gordon JR, Galli SJ. Mast cells as a source of both pre-formed and immunologicallyinducible tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 1990; 346: 274-6.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Gordon JR, Galli SJ. Promotion of mouse fibroblast collagen gene expression by mast cells stimulated via the FcERI. Role for mast cell-derived transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α. J Exp Med 1994; (180) 2027-37.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Hawkins DL, Mackay RJ, Gum GG, Colahan PT, Meyer JC. Effects of intra-articularly administered endotoxin on clinical signs of disease and synovial fluid tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, and prostaglandin E2 values in horses. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 379-86.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hayes MA. Functions of cytokines and acute phase proteins in inflammation. 6th Congress of the ISACB, Guelph, Canada 1994; 1-7.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Ikebe T, Hirata M, Koga T. Effects of human recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and DNA in cultured rat costal chondrocytes. J Immunol 1988; 140: 827-31.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kendall JC, Li X-H, Galli SJ, Gordon JR. Promotion of mouse fibroblast proliferation by IgE-dependent activation of mast cells: Role for tumour necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β. J All Clin Immunol 1997; (99) 113-23.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Lawrence DA. Transforming growth factor-beta: a general review. Eur Cytokine Netw 1996; 3: 363-74.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 MacDonald MH, Stover SM, Willits NH, Benton HP. Regulation of matrix metabolism in equine cartilage explant cultures by interleukin 1. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53: 2278-85.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 May SA, Hooke RE, Lees P. Inhibition of interleukin-1 activity by equine synovial fluid. Equine Vet J 1992; 24: 99-102.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 May SA, Hooke RE, Lees P. Equine chondrocyte activation by a variety of stimuli. Br Vet J 1992; 148: 389-97.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Mcllwraith CW. General technique and diagnostic arthroscopy. In Arthroscopy in the Horse, 2nd ed.. Mcllwraith CW. (ed). Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1990: 30.
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Mcllwraith CW. General pathobiology of the joint and response to injury. In Joint Diseases in the Horse Mcllwraith CW, Trotter GW. (eds). Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1996: 40-70.
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Morales TI. Polypeptide regulators of matrix homeostasis in articular cartilage. In Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis Kuettner K. (ed). New York: Raven Press; 1992: 265-79.
    Google Scholar
  • 24 Morales TI, Roberts AB. Transforming growth factor-β regulates the metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine cartilage organ cultures. J Biol Chem 1988; 263 12828 31.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Morris EA, McDonald BS, Webb AC, Rosenwasser LJ. Identification of interleukin- 1 in equine osteoarthritic joint effusions. Am J Vet Res 1990; 51: 59-64.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Morris EA, Treadwell BV. Effect of interleukin 1 on articular cartilage from young and aged horses and comparison with metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage. Am J Vet Res 1994; 55: 138-46.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Overall CM, Wrana JL, Sodek J. Independent regulation of collagenase, 72 kDa progelatinase and metalloendoproteinase inhibitor expression in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 1860-9.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Palmer JL, Bertone AL. Joint structure, biochemistry and biochemical disequilibrium in synovitis and equine joint disease. Equine Vet J 1994; 26: 263-77.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Pelletier JP, Roughley PJ, DiBattista JA, McCollum R, Martel-Pelletier J. Are cytokines involved in osteoarthritic pathophysiology?. Seminars Arthritis & Rheumatism 1991; 20: 12-25.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Piatt D, Bayliss MT. An investigation of the proteoglycan metabolism of mature equine articular cartilage and its regulation by interleukin 1. Equine Vet J 1994; (26) 297-303.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Terebuh PD, Otterness IG, Strieter RM, Lincoln PM, Danforth JM, Kunkel SL, Chensue SW. Biologic and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin-6 expression in vivo. Constitutive and induced expression in murine polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 649-57.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Theoret CL, Barber SM, Moyana T, Townsend HGG, Archer JF. Repair and function of synovium after arthroscopic synovectomy of the dorsal compartment of the equine antebrachiocarpal joint. J Vet Surg 1996; 25: 142-53.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar