Vertical Ground Reaction Force Redistribution During Experimentally Induced Shoulder Lameness in Dogs

Dominique J. Griffon; R. M. McLaughlin Jr.; J. K. Roush

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1633089

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1994; 07(04): 154-157
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633089

Original Research

Schattauer GmbH

Vertical Ground Reaction Force Redistribution During Experimentally Induced Shoulder Lameness in Dogs

Authors

Dominique J. Griffon

¹From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
R. M. McLaughlin Jr.

¹From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
J. K. Roush

¹From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

Abstract

Summary

The redistribution of vertical ground reaction forces after surgically induced forelimb lameness was evaluated in five Greyhounds at the walk. Vertical ground reaction forces were measured by force plate analysis before, three days, and seven days after a craniolateral approach to the shoulder was performed unilaterally in each dog.

At day # 3, peak vertical force was significantly decreased in the operated forelimbs and in the ipsilateral hindlimbs. Peak vertical force was significantly increased in the contralateral fore- and hindlimbs. The total peak vertical force applied to both forelimbs did not change, nor did the total force applied to both hindlimbs. At day # 7, peak vertical force in each of the four limbs had returned to preoperative levels. Results of this study document the redistribution of ground reaction forces (at the walk) between the four limbs in the dog after an acute, surgically induced forelimb lameness.

The redistribution of ground reaction force was evaluated in five Greyhounds before and during forelimb lameness. Lameness was induced by a craniolateral approach to one shoulder in each dog. At day # 3 after surgery, peak vertical force was decreased in the operated forelimbs and ipsilateral hindlimbs. Peak vertical force was increased in the contralateral fore- and hindlimbs. The distribution of ground reaction force in the four limbs returned to preoperative values seven days after surgery.

Keywords

Gait analysis - force plate - lameness

Full Text

References

References
1 DeCamp CE, Soutas-Little RW, Hauptman J. et al. Kinematic gait analysis of the trot in healthy Greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 627-34.
2 Schamhardt HC, Van den Bogert AJ, Hart-man W. Measurement techniques in animal locomotion analysis. Acta Anat Basel 1993; 146: 123-9.
3 Gronley JK, Perry J. Gait analysis techniques. Rancho Los Amigos Hospital gait analysis laboratory. Phys Ther 1984; 64: 1831-8.
4 Martinez-del Campo LJ, Kobluk CN, Greer N. et al. The use of high-speed videography to generate angle-time and angle-angle diagrams for study of the equine locomotion. Vet Comp Orthop Trauma 1991; 4: 120-31.
5 Cairns MA, Burdett RG, Pisciotta JC. et al. A biomechanical analysis of racewalking gait. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1986; 18: 446-53.
6 Tibone JE, Antich TJ, Fanton GS. et al. Functional analysis of anterior cruciate ligament instability. Am J Sports Med 1986; 14: 276-84.
7 Merkens HW, Schamhardt HC, Hartman W. et al. Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch Warmblod horses at normal walk. Equine Vet J 1985; 18: 207-14.
8 Merkens HW, Schamhardt HC, van Osch GJVM. et al. Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch Warmbloods at the canter. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 670-4.
9 Merkens HW, Schamhardt HC. Evaluation of equine locomotion during different degrees of experimentally induced lameness. I: Lameness model and quantification of ground reaction force patterns of the limbs. Equine Vet J 1988; Suppl. 6: 99-106.
10 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. Force plate analysis of the walking gait in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 915-8.
11 Yanoff SR, Hulse DA, Hogan HA. et al. Measurements of vertical ground reaction force in jumping dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Trauma 1992; 5: 44-50.
12 Riggs CM, DeCamp CE, Soutas-Little RW. et al. Effects of subject velocity on force-plate measured ground reaction forces in healthy Greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1523-6.
13 O’Connor BL, Visco DM, Heck DA. et al. Gait alteration in dogs after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 1142-7.
14 Jevens DJ, Hauptman JG, DeCamp CE. et al. Contributions to variance in force-plate analysis of gait in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 612-5.
15 Dueland R, Bartel DL, Antonson E. Force-plate technique for canine gait analysis of total hip and excision arthroplasty. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1977; 13: 547-52.
16 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. et al. Force plate analyses before and after stabilization of canine stifles for cruciate injury. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49: 1522-4.
17 McLaughlin RM, Miller CW, Taves CL. et al. Force plate analysis of triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 291-7.
18 Anderson MA, Payne JT, Kreeger JM. et al. Effects of intra-articular chlorhexidine diacetate lavage on the stifle in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1784-9.
19 Rumph PF, Kincaid SA, Baird DK. et al. Vertical ground reaction force distribution during experimentally induced acute synovitis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 365-9.
20 Dupuis J, Harari J, Papageorges M. et al. Evaluation of fibular head transposition for repair of experimental cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs. Vet Surg 1994; 23: 1-12.
21 Merkens HW, Schamhardt HC. Evaluation of equine locomotion during different degrees of experimentally induced lameness II: Distribution of ground reaction force patterns of the concurrently loaded limbs. Equine Vet J 1988; Supplement 6: 107-12.
22 McLaughlin RM, Roush JK. Evaluation of two surgical approaches to the shoulder joint in dogs. Veterinary Orthopedic Society Proc, February 1994: 12.
23 Piermattei DL. Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones of the Dog and Cat. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1993: 98-101.
24 Sumner-Smith G. Decision Making in Small Animal Orthopedics. Philadelphia: BC Decker; 1988
25 Roush JK, McLaughlin RM. Effects of subject stance time and velocity on ground reaction forces in normal Greyhounds at the walk. Am J Vet Res (in press).
26 Schneider E, Chao EY. Fourier analysis of ground reaction forces in normals and patients with knee joint disease. J Biomech 1983; 16: 591-601.
27 Budsberg SC, Jevens DJ, Brown J. et al. Evaluation of limb symmetry indices, using ground reaction forces in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1569-74.
28 Merkens HW, Schamhardt HC, Hartman W. et al. The use of H(orse) INDEX: A method of analyzing ground reaction force patterns of lame and normal gaited horses at the walk. Equine Vet J 1988; 20: 29-36.