Summary
Objectives:
Sound medical decisions are easier for clinicians who have essential patient data
in the right place at the right time. Our goal was to develop a usable form to guide
clinical decisions and then test it using actual cases.
Methods:
The authors designed a form to represent data from patients with chest pain; it was
revised several times. We incorporated opinions from clinician-users as well as evidence
from the literature to improve usability. To test the design, we filled out forms
with actual patient data derived from Emergency Department charts of patients who
presented with chest pain. We then validated the design by having house officer reviewers
make the decision to admit, observe in the ER for one day, or discharge subjects based
entirely on a one-page form.
Results:
Thirty-three house officers reviewed our initial design and made suggestions. Our
literature search yielded a number of factors discriminating ischemic from non-ischemic
chest pain. Sixteen factors were included on a finalized form in the rank order assigned
by reviewing physicians. Over 4 days, data from 29 subjects were used to fill out
copies of the form. Based purely on the completed forms, house officers made decisions
to admit, discharge, or observe all 29 subjects in less than 30 minutes.
Conclusions:
Forms have traditionally been employed to record and organize data. Here we show
how principles of usability engineering can be used to create a form to meet the needs
of users and even encourage evidence-based practice.
Keywords
Chest pain - hospital information systems - medical informatics - human engineering
- evidence-based medicine
