Methods Inf Med 1997; 36(04/05): 237-240
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636866
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation

P. Hammer
1   Boston University, Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
,
D. Litvack
1   Boston University, Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
,
J. P. Saul
1   Boston University, Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
19 February 2018 (online)

Abstract:

A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.

 
  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Bainbridge FA. The relation between respiration and the pulse rate. J Physiol 1920; 54: 192-202.
  • 2 Manzotti M. The effects of some respiratory maneuvers on the heart rate. J Physiol 1958; 144: 541-57.
  • 3 Melcher A. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in man: a study in heart rate regulating mechanisms. Acta Physiol Scand 1976; 435: 1-31.
  • 4 Davies C, Nielsen J. Sinus arrhythmia in man at rest. J App Physiol 1967; 22: 947-55.
  • 5 Baselli G, Cerutti S, Civardi S, Malliani A, Pagani M. Cardiovascular variability signals: toward the identification of a closed-loop model of the neural control mechanisms. IEEE Trans Biom Eng 1988; 35: 1033-46.
  • 6 De Boer R, Karemaker J, Strackee J. Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: 680-9.
  • 7 Saul JP, Berger R, Albrecht P, Stein S, Chen M, Cohen R. Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation. Am J Physiol 1991; 261: H1231-45.
  • 8 Madwed J, Albrecht P, Mark R, Cohen R. Low-frequency oscillations in arterial pressure and heart rate: a simple computer model. Am J Physiol 1989; 256: H1573-9.
  • 9 Rosenbaum M, Race D. Frequency-response characteristics of vascular resistance vessels. Am J Physiol 1968; 215 (06) 1397-402.
  • 10 Berger R, Saul JP, Cohen R. Transfer function analysis of autonomic regulation I. Canine atrial rate response. Am J Physiol 1989; 256: H142-52.
  • 11 Parati G, Saul P, DiRienzo M, Mancia G. Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability in evaluating cardiovascular regulation. Hypertension 1995; 25: 1276-86.