PDF herunterladen
Semin intervent Radiol 2018; 35(02): 99-104
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642037
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Hypercoagulable States and Thrombophilias: Risks Relating to Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism

Marissa D. Rybstein
1   Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
,
Maria T. DeSancho
1   Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
04. Juni 2018 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Inherited and acquired thrombophilias and hypercoagulable states, such as active cancer, estrogen-induced, autoimmune disorders, major surgery, hospitalization, and trauma, are well-known risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The effect of these on recurrent VTE is different for each specific risk factor. The major risk factors affecting VTE recurrence include the presence of active cancer and an unprovoked first VTE. In addition, the use of combined female hormones in a woman with a previous history of estrogen-related VTE is a major risk factor for VTE recurrence. The extent of influence of inherited thrombophilia on the risk of recurrence is controversial. Conversely, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, specifically triple positive carriers, appears to increase the risk of VTE recurrence. Understanding the rates of recurrent VTE in a patient and the individual risk of bleeding is important in determining the duration of anticoagulation therapy.

Keywords

hypercoagulable - thrombophilia - recurrent - venous thromboembolism - interventional radiology
 

  • References

  • 1 Seligsohn U, Lubetsky A. Genetic susceptibility to venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344 (16) 1222-1231
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Lijfering WM, Middeldorp S, Veeger NJ. , et al. Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in homozygous carriers and double heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A. Circulation 2010; 121 (15) 1706-1712
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Marchiori A, Mosena L, Prins MH, Prandoni P. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism among heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A mutation. A systematic review of prospective studies. Haematologica 2007; 92 (08) 1107-1114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Christiansen SC, Cannegieter SC, Koster T, Vandenbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR. Thrombophilia, clinical factors, and recurrent venous thrombotic events. JAMA 2005; 293 (19) 2352-2361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 De Stefano V, Simioni P, Rossi E. , et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with inherited deficiency of natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C and protein S. Haematologica 2006; 91 (05) 695-698
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Di Minno MN, Ambrosino P, Ageno W, Rosendaal F, Di Minno G, Dentali F. Natural anticoagulants deficiency and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Thromb Res 2015; 135 (05) 923-932
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J. , et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2016; 149 (02) 315-352
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T. , et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4 (02) 295-306
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Bazzan M, Vaccarino A, Stella S. , et al; Piedmont APS Consortium. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombotic recurrences: a real world observation (the Piedmont cohort study). Lupus 2016; 25 (05) 479-485
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Medina G, Briones-García E, Cruz-Domínguez MP, Flórez-Durante OI, Jara LJ. Antiphospholipid antibodies disappearance in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Thrombosis recurrence. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16 (04) 352-354
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Cohen H, Hunt BJ, Efthymiou M. , et al; RAPS trial investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin to treat patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (RAPS): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 2/3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Haematol 2016; 3 (09) e426-e436
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Dufrost V, Risse J, Zuily S, Wahl D. Direct oral anticoagulants use in antiphospholipid syndrome: are these drugs an effective and safe alternative to warfarin? A systematic review of the literature. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18 (12) 74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Malec K, Góralczyk T, Undas A. The use of direct oral anticoagulants in 56 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Res 2017; 152: 93-97
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Schulman S. How I treat recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Blood 2017; 129 (25) 3285-3293
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Tefferi A, Barbui T. Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2017; 92 (01) 94-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Reikvam H, Tiu RV. Venous thromboembolism in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Leukemia 2012; 26 (04) 563-571
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 De Stefano V, Za T, Rossi E. , et al; GIMEMA CMD-Working Party. Recurrent thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: incidence, risk factors, and effect of treatments. Haematologica 2008; 93 (03) 372-380
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Ianotto JC, Couturier MA, Galinat H. , et al. Administration of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Int J Hematol 2017; 106 (04) 517-521
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Connors JM. Thrombophilia testing and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (12) 1177-1187
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kwon AJ, Roshal M, DeSancho MT. Clinical adherence to thrombophilia screening guidelines at a major tertiary care hospital. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14 (05) 982-986
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 James AH, Jamison MG, Brancazio LR, Myers ER. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194 (05) 1311-1315
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Chan WS, Spencer FA, Ginsberg JS. Anatomic distribution of deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy. CMAJ 2010; 182 (07) 657-660
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Galambosi PJ, Ulander VM, Kaaja RJ. The incidence and risk factors of recurrent venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. Thromb Res 2014; 134 (02) 240-245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Pabinger I, Grafenhofer H, Kaider A. , et al. Risk of pregnancy-associated recurrent venous thromboembolism in women with a history of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3 (05) 949-954
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Bleker SM, Buchmüller A, Chauleur C. , et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: rationale and design of the Highlow study, a randomised trial of two doses. Thromb Res 2016; 144: 62-68
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Ikushima S, Ono R, Fukuda K, Sakayori M, Awano N, Kondo K. Trousseau's syndrome: cancer-associated thrombosis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46 (03) 204-208
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Gran OV, Braekkan SK, Paulsen B, Skille H, Rosendaal FR, Hansen JB. Occult cancer-related first venous thromboembolism is associated with an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15 (07) 1361-1367
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M. , et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 (01) 56-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Khorana AA, Carrier M, Garcia DA, Lee AY. Guidance for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 41 (01) 81-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA. , et al; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (06) 654-656
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Schulman S, Zondag M, Linkins L. , et al. Recurrent venous thromboembolism in anticoagulated patients with cancer: management and short-term prognosis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 (06) 1010-1018
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 van Es N, Büller HR. Using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in cancer and other high-risk populations. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2015; 2015: 125-131
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 van Es N, Di Nisio M, Bleker SM. , et al. Edoxaban for treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Rationale and design of the Hokusai VTE-cancer study. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114 (06) 1268-1276
    Artikel in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH. , et al; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2017; 376 (13) 1211-1222
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar