Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 and Atherothrombosis

• References

• 1 Davies MJ, Thomas A. Thrombosis and acute coronary artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1137-1140
• 2 Rokitansky K. A manual of pathological anatomy. Day GE. (trans). London: Sydenham Society. vol.4. 1852 pp. 271-273
• 3 Duguid JB. Thrombosis as a factor in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. J Pathol Bacteriol 1946; 58: 207-212
• 4 Niewiarowsky S, Rao K. Contribution of thrombogenic factors to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1983; 26: 197-222
• 5 Schwartz CJ, Valente AJ, Kelley JL, Sprague EA, Edwards EH. Thrombosis and development of atherosclerosis: Rokitansky revisited. Semin Thromb Hemostasis 1988; 14: 189-195
• 6 Thompson WD, Smith EB. Atherosclerosis and the coagulation system. J Pathol 1989; 159: 97-106
• 7 Smith EB. Fibrinogen, fibrin and fibrin degradation productions in relation to atherosclerosis. Clin Hematol 1986; 15: 355-370
• 8 Smith EB, Keen GA, Grant A, Stirk C. Fate of fibrinogen in human arterial intima. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 263-275
• 9 Bini A, Fenoglio JJ, Mesa-Tejada R, Kudryk B, Kaplan KK. Identification and distribution of fibrinogen, fibrin and fibrin (ogen) degradation products in atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9: 109-121
• 10 Naito M, Funaki C, Hayashi T, Yamada K, Asai K, Yoshimine N, Kuzuya F. Substrate-bound fibrinogen, fibrin and other cell attachment-promoting proteins as a scaffold for cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 1992; 96: 227-234
• 11 Smith EB, Massie IB, Alexander KM. The release of an immobilized lipoprotein fraction from atherosclerotic lesions by incubation with plasmin. Atherosclerosis 1976; 25: 71-84
• 12 Smith EB, Cochran S. Factors influencing the accumulation in fibrous plaque of lipid derived from low density lipoprotein. Part II. Preferential immobilization of lipoprotein (a). Atherosclerosis 1990; 84: 173-181
• 13 Bachmann F. Fibrinolysis. In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Verstraete M, Vermylen J, Lijnen HR, Arnout J. (eds). Leuven University Press; Leuven: 1987. pp. 227-265
• 14 Krishnamurti C, Barr CF, Hassett MA, Young GD, Alving BM. Plasminogen activator inhibitor: a regulator of ancrod induced fibrin deposition in rabbits. Blood 1987; 69: 798-803
• 15 Barbash GI, Hod H, Roth A, Miller HI, Rath S, Harzahav Y, Modan M, Zivelin A, Laniado S, Seligsohn U. Correlation of baseline plasminogen activator inhibitor activity with patency of the infarct artery after thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1989; 64: 1231-1235
• 16 Vaughan DE, Declerck PJ, Van Houtte E, De Mol M, Collen D. Reactivated recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (rPAI-1) effectively prevents thrombolysis in vivo . Thromb Haemostas 1992; 68: 60-63
• 17 Levi M, Biemond BJ, Van Zonneveld AJ, Ten Cate JW, Pannekoek H. Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity results in promotion of endogenous thrombolysis and inhibition of thrombus extension in models of experimental thrombosis. Circulation 1992; 85: 305-312
• 18 Erickson LA, Fici GJ, Lund JE, Boyle TP, Polites HG, Marotti KR. Development of venous occlusions in mice transgenic for the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene. Nature 1990; 346: 74-76
• 19 Fay WP, Shapiro AD, Shih JL, Schleef RR, Ginsburg D. Complete deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 due to a frame-shift mutation. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1729-1733
• 20 Hamsten A, Wiman B, De Faire U, Blomback M. Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1557-1563
• 21 Johnson O, Mellbring G, Nilsson T. Defective fibrinolysis in survivors of myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 1984; 6: 380-382
• 22 Paramo JA, Colucci M, Collen D, Van Der Werf F. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. Br Med J 1985; 291: 575-576
• 23 Hamsten A, Blomback M, Wiman B, Svensson J, Szamosi A, De Faire U, Mettinger L. Haemostatic function in myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1986; 55: 58-66
• 24 Aznar J, Estelles A, Tormo G, Sapena P, Tormo V, Blanch S, Espana F. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and other fibrinolytic variables in patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 1988; 59: 535-541
• 25 Francis RB, Kawanishi D, Baruchi T, Mahner P, Rahimtoola S, Fein-stein DI. Impaired fibrinolysis in coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1988; 115: 776-780
• 26 Olofsson BO, Dahlen G, Nilsson TK. Evidence for increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator in plasma of patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 1989; 10: 77-82
• 27 Zalewski A, Shi Y, Nardone D, Bravette B, Weinstock P, Fisherman D, Wilson P, Goldberg S, Levin DC, Bjornsson TD. Evidence for reduced fibrinolytic activity in unstable angina at rest. Clinical, biochemical and angiographic correlates. Circulation 1991; 83: 1685-1691
• 28 Oseroff A, Krishnamurti C, Hassett A, Tang D, Alving B. Plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor activities in men with coronary artery disease. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 113: 88-93
• 29 Vanderkerckhove Y, Baele G, De Puydt H, Weyne A, Clement D. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Thromb Res 1988; 50: 449-453
• 30 Nilsson TK, Johnson O. The extrinsic fibrinolytic system in survivors of myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 1987; 48: 621-630
• 31 Lucore CL, Sobel BE. Interaction of tissue-type plasminogen activator with plasma inhibitors and their pharmacologic implications. Circulation 1988; 77: 660-669
• 32 Aimer LO, Oehlin H. Elevated levels of the rapid inhibitor of plasminogen activator (t-PA) in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 1987; 47: 335-339
• 33 Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett DR, Kahn MI, De Bart ACW, Aber VR, Maseri A, Kluft C. Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Am J Cardiol 1988; 62: 635-637
• 34 Prins MH, Hirsh J. A critical review of the relationship between impaired fibrinolysis and myocardial infarction. Amer Heart J 1991; 122: 545-551
• 35 Hamsten A, De Faire Y, Walldius G, Dahlen G, Szamosi A, Landou C, Blomback M, Wiman B. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma. Risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet 1987; 2: 3-9
• 36 Gram J, Jespersen J, Kluft C, Rijken DC. On the usefulness of fibrinolysis variables in the characterization of a risk group for myocardial reinfarction. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221: 149-153
• 37 Gram J, Jespersen J. A selective depression of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity in euglobulins characterises a risk group among survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemostas 1987; 57: 137-139
• 38 Munkvad S, Gram J, Jespersen J. A depression of active tissue plasminogen activator in plasma characterizes patients with unstable angina pectoris who develop myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: 525-528
• 39 Jansson JJ, Nilsson TK, Johnson O. Von Willebrand factor in plasma: A novel risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction and death. Br Med J 1991; 66: 351-355
• 40 Jansson JH, Nilsson TK, Olofsson BO. Tissue plasminogen activator and other risk factors as predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with severe angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1991; 12: 157-161
• 41 Van De Loo JCW. Predictive value of hemostatic variables in cardiovascular disease. In: Thrombosis, an Update. Neri Serneri GG, Gensini GF, Abbate R, Prisco D. (eds). Scientific Press; Florence: 1992. pp. 731-737
• 42 Mehta J, Mehta P, Lawson D, Saldeen T. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in coronary artery disease: correlation with age and serum triglyceride concentration. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9: 263-268
• 43 Huber K, Rose D, Resch I, Schuster E, Glogar DH, Kaindl F, Binder BR. Circadian fluctuations of plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator levels in plasma of patients with unstable coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 60: 372-376
• 44 Huber K, Resch I, Stefenelli T, Lang I, Probst P, Kaindl F, Binder BR. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in patients with chronic angina pectoris with or without angiographic evidence of coronary sclerosis. Thromb Haemostas 1990; 63: 336-339
• 45 Verheugt FWA, Ten Cate JW, Sturk A, Imandt L, Verhorst W, Van Eenige MJ, Verwey W, Ross JP. Tissue plasminogen activator activity and inhibition in acute myocardial infarction and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 1075-1079
• 46 Sakata K, Kurata C, Taguchi T, Suzuki S, Kobayashi A, Yamazaki N, Rydzewsli A, Takada Y, Takada A. Clinical significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with exercise-induced ischemia. Am Heart J 1990; 120: 831-838
• 47 Thompson SG, Van De Loo JCW. ECAT Angina Pectoris Study. Baseline associations of haemostatic factors with extent of coronary arteriosclerosis and other coronary risk factors in 3000 patients with angina pectoris undergoing coronary angiography. Eur Heart J 1993; 14: 8-17
• 48 Bavenholm P, Efendic S, Wiman B, Landou C, De Faire U, Hamsten A. Relationship of insulin response to glucose challenge to severity and rate of progression of coronary atherosclerosis in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (suppl.) 178 (abstr)
• 49 Huber K, Jorg M, Probst P, Schuster E, Lang I, Kaindl F, Binder BR. A decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is associated with a significantly reduced risk for coronary restenosis. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 67: 209-213
• 50 Wiman B, Hamsten A. The fibrinolytic enzyme system and its role in the etiology of thromboembolic disease. Sem Thromb Haemostas 1990; 16: 207-216
• 51 Alessi MC, Parra HJ, Joly P, Vu-Dac N, Fruchart JC, Juhan-Vague I. Increased plasma Lp(a): B lipoprotein particle concentration in angina pectoris is not associated with hypofibrinolysis. Clin Chim Acta 1990; 188: 119-128
• 52 Aillaud MF, Pignol F, Alessi MC, Harle JR, Escande M, Mongin M, Juhan-Vague I. Increase in plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, F VIII:c and in erythrocyte sedimentation rate with age. Thromb Haemostas 1986; 35: 250-253
• 53 Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi A, Yamazaki N, Sugawara Y, Takada Y, Takada A. Relationship between age and plasma t-PA, PA-inhibitor, and PA activity. Thromb Res 1987; 46: 625-633
• 54 Stout RW, Wallance-Owen J. Insulin and atheroma. Lancet 1979; 1: 1078-1080
• 55 Pyorala K. Relationship of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin to the incidence of coronary heart disease. Results from two population studies in Finland. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 131-141
• 56 Welborn TA, Weame K. Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 154-160
• 57 Ducimetiere P, Eschwege E, Papoz L, Richard JL, Claude JR, Rosselin G. Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population. Diabetologia 1980; 19: 205-210
• 58 Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-1607
• 59 Vague J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities. A factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1956; 4: 20-28
• 60 Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Vague P. Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 levels. A possible link between insulin resistance and atherothrombosis. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 457-462
• 61 Vague P, Juhan-Vague I, Aillaud MF, Badier C, Viard R, Alessi MC, Collen D. Correlation between blood fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor level, plasma insulin level and relative body weight in normal and obese subjects. Metabolism 1986; 35: 250-253
• 62 Juhan-Vague I, Vague P, Alessi MC, Badier C, Valadier J, Aillaud MF, Atlan C. Relationships between plasma insulin, triglyceride, body mass index and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Diab Metab 1987; 13: 331-336
• 63 Vague P, Juhan-Vague I, Chabert V, Alessi MC, Atlan C. Fat distribution and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in non diabetic obese women. Metabolism 1989; 38: 913-915
• 64 Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Joly P, Thirion X, Vague P, Declerck PJ, Serradimigni A, Collen D. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor in angina pectoris. Influence of plasma insulin and acute-phase response. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9: 362-367
• 65 Juhan-Vague I, Roul C, Alessi MC, Ardissone JP, Heim M, Vague P. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in non insulin dependent diabetic patients. Relationship with plasma insulin. Thromb Haemostas 1989; 61: 370-373
• 66 Auwerx J, Bouillon R, Collen D, Geboers J. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor in diabetes mellitus. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 68-72
• 67 Legnani C, Maccaferri P, Tonini P, Cassio A, Cacciari E, Coccheri S. Reduced fibrinolytic response in obese children: Association with high baseline activity of the fast acting plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Fibrinolysis 1988; 2: 211-214
• 68 Sundell IB, Nilsson TK, Hallmans G, Nygren C. The effect on body build, diet and endocrine factors on the extrinsic fibrinolytic system in healthy young women. Scand J Clin Invest 1988; 48: 557-564
• 69 Grant MB, Fitzgerald C, Guay C, Lottenberg R. Fibrinolytic capacity following stimulation with desmopressin acetate in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1989; 38: 901-907
• 70 Sundell IB, Dahlgren S, Ranby M, Lundin E, Stenling R, Nilsson TK. Reduction of elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor levels during modest weight loss. Fibrinolysis 1989; 3: 51-53
• 71 Sundell IB, Nilsson TK, Ranby M, Hallmans G, Hellsten G. Fibrinolytic variables are related to age, sex, blood pressure, and body build measurements: A cross-sectional study in Norsjî, Sweden. J Clin Epidemiol 1989; 42: 719-723
• 72 Sundell IB, Nilsson TK, Hallmans G, Hellsten G, Dahlen GH. Inter-relationships between plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator, lipoprotein (a), and established cardiovascular risk factors in a North Swedish population. Atherosclerosis 1989; 80: 9-16
• 73 Landin K, Stigendal L, Eriksson E, Krotkiewski M, Risberg B, Tengborn L, Smith U. Abdominal obesity is associated with an impaired fibrinolytic activity and elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Metabolism 1990; 39: 1044-1048
• 74 Juhan-Vague I, Valadier J, Alessi MC, Aillaud MF, Ansaldi J, Philip-Hoet C, Holvoet P, Serradimigni A, Collen D. Deficient t-PA release and elevated PA Inhibitor levels in patients with spontaneous or recurrent deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemostas 1987; 57: 67-72
• 75 Landin K, Tengborn L, Smith U. Elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1) in hypertension are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. J Int Med 1990; 227: 273-278
• 76 Kluft C, Potter van Loon BJ, de Maat MPM. Insulin resistance and changes in haemostatic variables. Fibrinolysis 1992; 6 (Suppl. 03) 11-16
• 77 Aimer LO. Fibrinolytic disorders in diabetes mellitus. Diab Metab 1988; 14: 519-522
• 78 Ward WK, Lacava EC, Paquette TL, Beard JC, Wallum BJ, Porte D. Disproportionate elevation of immunoreactive proinsulin in Type 2 (non insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and in experimental insulin resistance. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 698-702
• 79 Nagi DK, Hendra TJ, Ryle AJ, Cooper TM, Temple RC, Clark PMS, Schneider AE, Hales CN, Yudkin JS. The relationships of concentration of insulin, intact proinsulin and 32-33 split proinsulin with cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 532-537
• 80 Vague P, Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Badier C, Valadier J. Metformin decreases the high plasminogen activator inhibition capacity plasma insulin and triglyceride levels in non diabetic obese subjects. Thromb Haemostas 1987; 57: 326-328
• 81 Grant PJ, Stickland MH, Booth NA, Prentice CRM. Metformin causes a reduction in basal and post-venous occlusion plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Diab Med 1991; 8: 361-365
• 82 Mehrabian M, Peter JB, Barnard RJ, Lusis AJ. Dietary regulation of fibrinolytic factors. Atherosclerosis 1990; 84: 25-32
• 83 Huisveld IA, Leenen R, vdKooy K, Hospers JEH, Seidell JC, Deurenberg P, Koppeschaar HPF, Mosterd WL, Bouma BN. Body composition and weight reduction in relation to antigen and activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in overweight individuals. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4 (Suppl. 02) 84-85
• 84 Juhan-Vague I, Vague P. Hyperinsulinemia and its effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis in cardiovascular disease. In: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Hemostasis, and Endothelial Function.. Francis RB. (ed). Marcel Dekker, Inc.; New York, Basel, Hong Kong: 1992. pp. 141-182
• 85 Speizer W, Langer W, Pschaick A, Selmayr E, Ibe B, Nowacki PR, Muller-Bergaus G. Increased blood fibrinolytic activity after physical exercise: Comparative study in individuals with different sporting activities and in patients after myocardial infarction taking part in a rehabilitation sports program. Thromb Res 1988; 51: 543-555
• 86 Estelles A, Aznar J, Tormo G, Sapena P, Tormo V, Espana F. Influence of a rehabilitation sports program on the fibrinolytic activity of patients after myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 1989; 55: 203-212
• 87 Gris JC, Schved JF, Aguilar-Martinez P, Arnaud A, Sanchez N. Impact of physical training on plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in sedentary men. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4: 97-98
• 88 Potter Van, Loon BJ, De Bart ACW, Radder JK, Frolich M, Kluft C, Meinders AE. Acute exogenous hyperinsulinaemia does not result in elevation of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in humans. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4: 93-94
• 89 Grant PJ, Kruithof EKO, Felley CP, Felber JP, Bachmann F. Short-term infusions of insulin, triacylglycerol and glucose do not cause acute increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 concentrations in man. Clin Sci 1990; 79: 513-516
• 90 Juhan-Vague I, Vague P. Hypofibrinolysis and insulin resistance. Diab Metab 1991; 17 (Suppl. 02) 96-100
• 91 Medvescek M, Keber D, Stegnar M, Borovnica A. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 response to a carbohydrate meal in obese subjects. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4: 89-90
• 92 Loskutoff DJ, Van Mourik JA, Erickson LA, Lauwrence D. Detection of an unusually stable fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2956-2960
• 93 Sprengers ED, Princen HMG, Kooistra T, Van Hinsberg VWM. Inhibition of plasminogen activators by conditioned medium of human hepatocytes and hepatoma cell line Hep G2. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 105: 751-758
• 94 Alessi MC, Juhan-Vague I, Kooistra T, Declerck PJ, Collen D. Insulin stimulates the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by the human hepatocellular cell line Hep G2. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 60: 491-494
• 95 Schneider DJ, Nordt TK, Sobel BE. Stimulation by proinsulin of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in endothelial cells. Diabetes 1992; 41: 890-895
• 96 Schneider DJ, Nordt TK, Sobel BE. Attenuated fibrinolysis and accelerated atherogenesis in type II diabetic patients. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1-7
• 97 Kooistra T, Bosma P, Tons H, Van Den Berg A, Meyer P, Princen H. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1: Biosynthesis and mRNA levels are increased by insulin in cultured human hepatocytes. Thromb Haemostas 1989; 62: 723-728
• 98 Grant PJ, Ruegg M, Medcalf RL. Basal expression and insulin mediated induction of PAI-1 mRNA in Hep G2 cells. Fibrinolysis 1991; 5: 81-86
• 99 Schneider DJ, Sobel BE. Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by insulin and insulin like growth factor type 1: Implications for vascular disease in hyperinsulinemic states. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 9959-9963
• 100 Fattal PG, Schneider DJ, Sobel BE, Billadello JJ. Post transcriptional regulation of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 mRNA by insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 12412-12415
• 101 Fattal PG, Billadello JJ. Insulin and insulin like growth factor 1 responsive elements in the 3' untranslated region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene. Circulation 1992; 86 (Suppl. 01) 1813 (abstr).
• 102 Anfosso F, Chomiki N, Alessi MC, Vague P, Juhan-Vague I. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 synthesis in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. Metformin inhibits the stimulating effect of insulin. J Clin Invest (in press)..
• 103 Williams J, Olefsky JM. Defective insulin receptor function in downregulated Hep G2 cells. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 1706-1717
• 104 Stiko-Rahm A, Wiman B, Hamsten A, Nilsson J. Secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells is induced by very low density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis 199 10: 1067-1073
• 105 Mussoni L, Maderna F, Camera M, Bernini F, Sironi L, Sirtori M, Tremoli E. Atherogenic lipoproteins and release of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by endothelial cells. Fibrinolysis 1990; (Suppl. 02) 79-81
• 106 Latron Y, Chautan M, Anfosso F, Alessi MC, Nalbone G, Lafont H, Juhan-Vague I. Stimulating effect of oxidized low density lipoproteins on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 synthesis by endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 1821-29
• 107 Chautan M, Latron Y, Anfosso F, Alessi MC, Lafont H, Juhan-Vague I, Nalbone G. Phosphatidylinositol turnover during stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 secretion induced by oxidized low density lipoproteins in human endothelial cells. J Lipid Res 1993; 34: 101-110
• 108 Etingin O, Hajjar D, Hajjar K, Harpel P, Nachman R. Lipoprotein (a) regulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in endothelial cells. A potential mechanism in thrombogenesis. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 2459-2465
• 109 Latron Y, Alessi MC, Anfosso F, Nalbone G, Lafont H, Juhan-Vague I. Effect of low density lipoproteins on secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by human endothelial cells and hepatoma cells. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4 (Suppl. 02) 82-83
• 110 Sarlund H, Laakso M, Voutilainen E, Penttila I, Pyorala K. Familial aggregation of non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease is accompanied by different effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 1991; 31: 17-29
• 111 Dawson S, Hamsten A, Wiman B, Henney A, Humphries S. Genetic variation at the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 locus is associated with altered levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 183-190
• 112 Schneiderman J, Sawdey MS, Keeton MR, Bordin GM, Bernstein EF, Dilley RB, Loskutoff DJ. Increased type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in atherosclerotic human arteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 6998-7002
• 113 Ross R. The process of atherogenesis—cellular and molecular interaction: from experimental animal models to humans. Diabetologia 1992; 35 (Suppl. 02) S34-S40
• 114 Schleef RR, Bevilacqua MP, Sawdey M, Gimbrone MA, Loskutoff DJ. Cytokine activation of vascular endothelium. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 5797-5803
• 115 Sato Y, Rifkin DB. Inhibition of endothelial cell movement by pericytes and smooth muscle cells: Activation of a latent transforming growth factor β 1 like molecule by plasmin during co-culture. J Cell Biol 1989; 109: 309-315
• 116 Childs CB, Proper JA, Tucker RF, Moses HL. Serum contains a platelet derived transforming growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 5312-5316
• 117 Kruithof ER, Tran-Thang C, Bachman F. Studies on the release of a plasminogen activator by human platelets. Thromb Haemostas 1986; 55: 201-205
• 118 Booth NA, Croli A, Bennett B. The activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) of human platelets. Fibrinolysis 1990; 4 (Suppl. 02) 138-140
• 119 Fujii S, Lucore CL, Hopkins WE, Billadello JJ, Sobel BE. Potential attenuation of fibrinolysis by growth factors released from platelets and their pharmacologic implications. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 1505-1511
• 120 Fujii S, Hopkins WE, Sobel BE. Mechanisms contributing to increased synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in endothelial cells by constituents of platelets and their implications for thrombolysis. Circulation 1991; 83: 645-651
• 121 Fujii S, Sawa H, Saffitz JE, Lucore CL, Sobel BE. Induction of endothelial cell expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene by thrombosis in vivo . Circulation 1992; 86: 2000-2010
• 122 Sawa H, Fujii S, Sobel BE. Augmented arterial wall expression of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor induced by thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12: 1507-1515
• 123 Wilcox JN, Smith KM, Schwartz SM, Gordon D. Localization of tissue factor in the normal vessel wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2839-2843
• 124 Nelken NA, Soifer SJ, O'Keefe J, Vu TKH, Charo IF, Coughlin SR. Thrombin receptor expression in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 1614-1621
• 125 Reilly CF, MacFall RC. Platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 9419-9427