Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1979; 41(02): 392-406
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646788
Original Articles
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Complement-Dependent and Complement-Independent Interactions of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Mucopeptides with Rabbit and Human Platelets

N Semeraro
*   On leave of absence from the Department of Microbiology (Head: Prof. D. Fumarola), Medical School, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
The Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, Department of Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
,
M Colucci
*   On leave of absence from the Department of Microbiology (Head: Prof. D. Fumarola), Medical School, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
The Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, Department of Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
,
J Vermylen
The Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, Department of Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received 10 January 1978

Accepted 15 March 1978

Publication Date:
09 July 2018 (online)

Also available at
  PDF Download  Permissions and Reprints

Summary

The effect of 10 commercial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and of 5 highly purified LPS with variable but defined polysaccharide content, two LPS from anaerobic bacteria, two mucopeptides and two meningococcal polysaccharides, was studied on rabbit and human platelets. All the LPS preparations induced aggregation in rabbit heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) but to differing degrees. However, a preparation consisting essentially of lipid A (from Salmonella minnesota Re 595) was one of the most active. The mucopeptides were very potent whereas the meningococcal polysaccharides had no effect. The activity was abolished by inactivation of complement. The lack of ability of LPS and mucopeptides to aggregate rabbit platelets in ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) – PRP suggests that the mechanism depends on activation of the classical pathway of complement. None of the bacterial products induced aggregation of human platelets.

When washed rabbit platelets are mixed with complement-depleted rabbit serum and calcium chloride, generation of thrombin occurs. Washed platelets contribute to thrombin generation by providing factor V, a factor X activating activity, and possibly phospholipid (Brit. J. Haemat. 36: 107, 1977). All the LPS preparations but not the mucopeptides or meningococcal polysaccharides enhanced the rate of thrombin formation by enhancing the factor X activating activity of rabbit or human platelets.

It is concluded that LPS affect rabbit platelets both by complement-dependent and complement-independent mechanisms, but human platelets only by the complement- independent pathway. Mucopeptides react with platelets only by the complement-dependent way and have no effect on human platelets.

 

  • References

  • 1 Bjornson HS, Hill EO. 1973; Bacteroidaceae in thromboembolic disease: effect of cell wall components on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro. Infection and Immunity 8: 911
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Bokisch VA. 1975; Interaction of peptidoglycans with Anti-IgGs and with complement. Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung 149: 320
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Brown DL, Lachmann PJ. 1973; The behaviour of complement and platelets in lethal endotoxin shock in rabbits. International Archives of Allergy 45: 193
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Cohen P, Braunwald J, Gardner FH. 1965; Destruction of canine and rabbit platelets following intravenous administration of carbon particles or endotoxin. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 66: 263
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Davis RB, Mecker WR, Mcquarrie DG. 1960; Immediate effects of intravenous endotoxin on serotonin concentrations and blood platelets. Circulation Research 8: 234
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 De Gaetano G, Vermylen J, Verstraete M. 1970; Platelet aggregation by a specific human immunoglobulin preparation. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 24: 419
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Des Prez RM, Horowitz HI, Hook EW. 1961; Effect of bacterial endotoxin on rabbit platelets. I. Platelet aggregation and release of platelet factors in vitro Journal of Experimental Medicine 114: 857
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Des Prez RM. 1967; The effects of bacterial endotoxin on rabbit platelets. V. Heat labile plasma factor requirements of endotoxin-induced platelet injury Journal of Immunology 99: 966
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Fine DP, Marney Jr SR, Colley DG, Sergent JS, Des Prez RM. 1972; C 3 shunt activation in human serum chelated with EGTA. Journal of Immunology 109: 807
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Fine DP. 1974; Activation of the classic and alternate complement pathways by endotoxin. Journal of Immunology 112: 763
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Fong JS C, White JG, Good RA. 1974; Inhibition of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide- mediated platelet aggregation by cobra venom anticomplementary factor. Blood 44: 399
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Galanos C, Rietschel ET, Luderitz O. et al. 1971; Interaction of lipopolysaccharides and lipid A with complement. European Journal of Biochemistry 19: 143
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Galanos C. 1975; Physical state and biological activity of lipopolysaccharides. Toxicity and immunogenicity of the lipid A component Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung 149: 214
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Gotschlich EC, Liu TY, Artenstein MS. 1969; Human immunity to the meningococcus. III. Preparation and immunochemical properties of the group A, group B and group C meningococcal polysaccharides Journal of Experimental Medicine 129: 1349
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Gotze O, Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1971; The C3-activator system: an alternate pathway of complement activation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 134: 90 s
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Hofstad T, Kristoffersen T. 1970; Chemical characteristics of endotoxin from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343. Journal of General Microbiology 61: 15
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Horowitz HI, Des Prez RM, Hook EW. 1962; Effects of bacterial endotoxin on rabbit platelets. II. Enhancement of platelet factor 3 activity in vitro and in vivo Journal of Experimental Medicine 116: 619
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Johnsson H, Niklasson PM. 1976; Effects of meningococcal and Escherichia coli capsular polysaccharides on human and dog platelet aggregation in vitro. Journal of Clinical Pathology 29: 438
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Kane MA, May JE, Frank MM. 1973; Interaction of the classical and alternate complement pathway with endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Effect on platelets and blood coagulation Journal of Clinical Investigation 52: 370
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Loos N, Bitter-Suermann D, Dierich M. 1974; Interaction of the first (C 1), the second (C 2) and the fourth (C 4) component of complement with different preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and with lipid A. Journal of Immunology 112: 935
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Luderitz O, Westphal O, Staub AM. et al. 1971. Isolation and chemical and immunological characterization of bacterial LPS. In: Weinbaum G, Kadis S, Ajl SJ. (eds.) Microbial Toxins. Academic Press; New York: vol. 4 p 145
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 22 Luderitz O, Galanos C, Lehmann V. et al. 1973; Lipid A: chemical structure and biological activity. Journal of Infectious Diseases 128: 17
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Marcus RL, Shin HS, Mayer MM. 1971; An alternative complement pathway: C 3-cleaving activity not due to C 4, 2a on endotoxin lipopolysaccharide after treatment with guinea pig serum; relation to properdin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88: 1351
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Marney jr SR, Colley DG, Des Prez RM. 1975; Alternate complement pathway induction of aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate by rabbit platelets. Journal of Immunology 114: 696
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Mckay DG, Margaretten W, Csavossy I. 1966; An electron microscope study of the effect of bacterial endotoxin on the blood vascular system. Laboratory Investigation 15: 1815
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Morrison DC, Leive L. 1975; Fractions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4prepared by two extraction procedures. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250: 2911
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Morrison DC, Kline LF. 1977; Activation of the classical and properdin pathways of complement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Journal of Immunology 118: 362
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Nagayama M, Zucker MB, Beller FK. 1971; Effects of a variety of endotoxins on human and rabbit platelet function. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 26: 467
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Pfueller SL, Luescher EF. 1974; Studies of the mechanism of the human platelet release reaction induced by immunologic stimuli. I. Complement-dependent and complement-independent reactions Journal of Immunology 112: 1201
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Raskova H, Ryc M, Rotta J. 1971; Release of 5-hydroxytryptamine and morphological changes in blood platelets induced by mucopeptide of streptococcal cell walls. Journal of Infectious Diseases 123: 587
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Rotta J, Schleifer KH. 1974; Pyrogenic activity of bacterial mucopeptides. Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology and Immunology (Praha) 18: 50
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Rotta J. 1975; Endotoxin-like properties of peptidoglycan. Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung 149: 230
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Ryc M, Rotta J. 1975; The thrombocytolytic activity of bacterial peptidoglycans. Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung 149: 230
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Semeraro N, Vermylen J. 1977; Evidence that washed human platelets possess factor-X activator activity. British Journal of Haematology 36: 107
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Semeraro N, Fumarola D, Mertens F, Vermylen J. 1978; Evidence that endotoxins enhance the factor-X activator activity of washed human platelets. British Journal of Haematology 38: 243
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Siraganian RP. 1972; Platelet requirement in the interaction of the complement and clotting system. Nature New Biology 239: 208
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Snyderman R, Pike MC. 1975; Interaction of complex polysaccharide with the complement system: effect of calcium depletion on terminal complement consumption. Infection and Immunity 11: 273
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Spielvogel AR. 1967; An ultrastructural study of the mechanism of platelet-endotoxin interaction. Journal of Experimental Medicine 126: 235
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Tangen O, Berman HJ. 1972; Gel filtration of blood platelets: a methodological report. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 34: 235
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Vargues R. 1967; Le dosage du complément. Transfusion (Paris) 3: 277
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Walsh PN, Biggs R, Gagnatelli G. 1974; Platelet anti-heparin activity. Assay based on factor-Xa inactivation by heparin and antifactor Xa British Journal of Haematology 26: 405
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Zimmerman TS, Mueller-Eberhard HJ. 1972; Interaction of complement, platelets and the blood coagulation system. Journal of Clinical Investigation 51: 107a
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Zimmerman TS. 1973; The platelet in complement coagulation interaction. Advances in Biosciences 12: 291
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Zucker MB, Grant RA. 1974; Aggregation and release reaction induced in human blood platelets by zymosan. Journal of Immunology 112: 1219
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar