RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646893
Platelet Size Affects both Micro- and Macro-Aggregation: Contributions of Platelet Number, Volume Fraction and Cell Surface
Publikationsverlauf
Received 30. Dezember 1988
Accepted after revision 27. April 1989
Publikationsdatum:
30. Juni 2018 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00035024/198902/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0038-1646893-1.jpg)
Summary
The relationship between platelet size (v), platelet number (N0), platelet volume fraction (φ) and platelet aggregation was evaluated in human platelet subpopulations separated on the basis of volume using counterflow centrifugation. The original platelet population and three size-dependent platelet fractions were concentrated and resuspended in autologous citrated platelet-poor plasma at varying N0. Micro-aggregation (PA) and macro-aggregation (TA) were determined respectively by electronic particle counting and light transmission (turbidometry). At similar N0, large platelets were about two-fold more sensitive and more rapidly recruited into both micro (PA) and macro (TA) aggregates in response to ADP than the small platelets (v were respectively 7.3 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 fl, each 16 ± 4% of the total population). At volume fractions favouring the small platelets, however, the above differences persisted for PA, but not for TA. Similar size-dependent differences were observed for two other receptor-mediated platelet activators, namely a stable thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619) and platelet activating factor (PAF), but not for ristocetin-induced agglutination. Increasing platelet size appears to optimize platelet aggregation due to (i) the simple geometric advantage of large-sized platelets associated with any given N0, seen for both PA und TA, and (ii) intrinsic differences in size-dependent subpopulations which favour more efficient platelet membrane surface changes associated with receptor-mediated micro-aggregation (PA), for which a likely model is proposed.
-
References
- 1 Corash L, Tan H, Gralnick HR. Heterogeneity of human whole blood platelet subpopulations. I. Relationship between buoyant density, cell volume and ultrastructure. Blood 1977; 49: 71-87
- 2 Frojmovic MM, Milton JG. Human platelet size, shape, and related functions in health and disease. Physiol Rev 1982; 2: 185-261
- 3 Karpatkin S. Heterogeneity of human platelets. VI. Correlation of platelet function with platelet volume. Blood 1978; 51: 307-316
- 4 Penington DG, Streatfield K, Roxburgh AE. Megakaryocytes and the heterogeneity of circulating platelets. Br J Haematol 1976; 34: 639-653
- 5 Savage B, McFadden PP, Hanson SR, Harker LA. The relation of platelet density to platelet age: survival of low- and high density 111Indium-labeled platelets in baboons. Blood 1987; 68: 386-393
- 6 Carty DJ, Gear AR L. Fractionation of platelets according to size: functional and biochemical characteristics. Am J Haematol 1986; 21: 1-6
- 7 Haver VM, Gear AR L. Functional fractionation of platelets: aggregation kinetics and glycoprotein labelling of differing platelet populations. Thromb Haemostas 1982; 48 (02) 211-216
- 8 Thompson CB, Eaton KA, Princiotta SM, Rushin CA, Valeri CR. Size dependent platelet subpopulation relationships of platelet volume to ultrastructure, enzymatic activity and function. Br J Haematol 1982; 50: 509-519
- 9 Thompson CB, Jakubowski JA, Guinn PG, Deykin D, Valeri CR. Platelet size as a determinant of platelet function. J Lab Clin Med 1983; 101: 205-213
- 10 Thompson CB, Jakubowski JA, Quinn PG, Deykin D, Valeri CR. Platelet size and age determine platelet function independently. Blood 1984; 63: 1372-1375
- 11 Thompson CB. Selective consumption of large platelets during massive bleeding. Br Med J 1985; 291: 95-96
- 12 Holme S, Simmonds M, Ballek R, Murphy S. Comparative measurements of platelet size by Coulter Counter, microscopy of blood smears, and light transmission studies. J Lab Clin Med 1981; 97: 610-622
- 13 Frojmovic MM, Milton JG, Duchastel A. Microscopic measurements of platelet aggregation reveal a low ADP-dependent process distinct from turbidometrically measured aggregation. J Lab Clin Med 1983; 101: 964-976
- 14 Pedvis LG, Wong T, Frojmovic MM. Differential inhibition of the platelet activation sequence: shape change, micro- and macro-aggregation, by a stable prostacyclin analogue (Iloprost). Thromb Haemostas 1988; 59: 323-328
- 15 Frojmovic MM, Milton JG, Gear AL. Platelet aggregation measured in vitro by microscopic and electronic particle counting. Methods Enzymol 1989; 169: 134-149
- 16 Schor K, Darius H, Matzky R, Ohlendorf R. The antiplatelet and cardiovascular actions of a new carbacyclin derivative (ZK 36374)- equipotent to PGI2 in vitro. Arch Pharm 1981; 316: 252-255
- 17 Frojmovic MM, Milton JG. Physical, chemical and functional changes following platelet activation in normal and “giant” platelets. Blood Cells 1983; 9: 359-382
- 18 Milton JG, Frojmovic MM. Adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate- induced platelet aggregation require shape change. J Lab Clin Med 1984; 104: 805-815
- 19 Milton JG, Yung W, Frojmovic MM. Dependence of platelet volume measurements on heterogeneity of platelet morphology. Biophys J 1981; 35: 257-261
- 20 Milton JG, Frojmovic MM. Turbidometric evaluations of platelet activation: relative contributions of measured shape change, volume, and early aggregation. J Pharmacol Met 1983; 9: 101-115
- 21 Nichols AR, Bosman HB. Platelet aggregation: newly quantified using nonempirical parameters. Thromb Haemostas 1979; 42: 679-693
- 22 Chang HN, Robertson CR. Platelet aggregation by laminar shear and Brownian motion. Ann Biomed Eng 1976; 4: 151-183
- 23 Oliver JA, Albrecht RM. Colloidal gold labelling of fibrinogen receptors in epinephrine- and ADP- activated platelet suspensions. Scanning Microsc 1987; 1: 745-756
- 24 Nurden AT. Platelet membrane glycoproteins and their clinical aspects. In: Thrombosis and Hemostasis 1987. Verstraete M, Vermylen J, Lijnen R, Arnout J. (eds) Leuven University Press; Leuven: 1987: 93-125
- 25 Ruan CG, Du XP, Xi XD, Castaldi PA, Bemdt MC. A murine antiglycoprotein lb complex monoclonal antibody, SZ 2, inhibits platelet aggregation induced by both ristocetin and collagen. Blood 1987; 69: 570-577
- 26 Jung SM, Tanoue K, Yamazaki H. The electrophoretic mobility heterogeneity of human platelet subpopulations of different buoyant densities. Thromb Haemostas 1985; 53: 188-194
- 27 Frojmovic MM, Milton JG, Wong T. Platelet subpopulations: external to invaginated plasma membrane surface area is constant, independent of size. Thromb Res Suppl 1986; IV: 119
- 28 Michelson AD. Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface glycoproteins: phenotypically distinct subpopulations of platelets in children with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Lab Clin Med 1987; 110: 346-354
- 29 Nomura S, Nagata H, Oda K, Kokura T, Yasumaga K. Effects of EDTA on the membrane glycoproteins Ilb-IIIa complex: analysis using flow cytometry. Thromb Res 1987; 47: 47-58
- 30 Johnston GI, Hepinstall S, Robins RA, Price MR. The expression of glycoproteins on single blood platelets from healthy individuals and from patients with congenital bleeding disorders. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1984; 123: 1091-1098
- 31 Frojmovic MM, Wong T, Timm M. Spreading and early aggregation for large versus small platelets. Thromb Haemostas 1985; 54: 247 (Abstr)
- 32 Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH. Use of mean platelet volume improves detection of platelet disorders. Blood Cells 1985; 11: 127-135
- 33 Davies TA, Drotts D, Weil GJ, Simons ER. Flow cytometric measurements of cytoplasmic calcium changes in human platelets. Cytometry 1988; 9: 138-142
- 34 Johnston GI, Pickett EB, McEver RP, George JN. Heterogeneity of platelet secretion in response to thrombin demonstrated by fluorescence flow cytometry. Blood 1987; 69: 1401-1403
- 35 Shattil SJ, Cunningham M, Hoxie JA. Detection of activated platelets in whole blood using activation-dependent monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Blood 1987; 70: 307-315
- 36 Holme S, Heaton A, Konchuba A, Hartman P. Light scatter and total protein signal distribution of platelets by flow cytometry as parameters of size. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 112: 223-231