The Local Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon in Rats Induced by Human Leukaemic Cells

Summary

The local Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon (SSP-L) in the skin of 30 rats was induced by an intr a cutaneous sensitizing injection of leukaemic leucocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AL) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and challenged by an intravenous injection of 100(μ of E. coli endotoxin. SSP-L was observed in 7 rats after injection of CLL lymphocytes and in 6 and 2 rats after AL myeloblasts and the CGL granulocytes, respectively. The lesions in the skin after AL myeloblasts appeared in a shorter time and were of longer duration compared with those observed after CLL lymphocytes and CGL granulocytes. Histologically, the lesions consisted of areas of destruction in the superficial layers of the skin ; the demarcation line showed the presence of neutrophils, macrophages and erythrocytes. Haemorrhages and fibrin deposits near the demarcation line were larger after injection of CLL lymphocytes and AL myeloblasts than after CGL granulocytes. The possible role of leucocyte procoagulative substances in the differences observed have been discussed.

• References

• 1 Aleksandrowicz J, Urbanczyk J, Sznajd J. 1967. Leukaemic disease (Leukaemia). PZWL: Warszawa; (in Polish)
• 2 Astaldi G, Lisiewicz J. 1971. Lymphocytes: structure, production, function. Casa Editrice Idelson; Napoli:
• 3 Becker G. J. 1948; Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 86: 806.
• 4 Capri A. 1952; Contribnti alio studio del fenomeno di Shwartzman. Archivio Italiano di Medicina Sperimentale 23: 489.
• 5 Forman E. N, Abilgaard C. F, Bolger J. F, Johnson C. A, Schulman I. 1969; Generalised Shwartzman reaction: role of the granulocytes in intravascular coagulation and renal cortical necrosis. British Journal of Haematology 16: 507.
• 6 Fortynova J, Pospisilova V. 1964; Untersuchung der plasmatischen Atmoshphäre der Leukocyten in Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein von Gerinnungsfaktoren. Folia haematologica 03: 220.
• 7 Good R. A, Thomas L. 1953; Studies on the generalised Shwartzman reaction. IV. Prevention of the local and generalised Shwartzman reaction with heparin. Journal of Experimental Medicine 97: 871.
• 8 Halpern B. N. 1964; Inhibition of the local haemorrhagic Shwartzman reaction by the polipeptyde possessing potent antyprotease activity. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 125: 486.
• 9 Horn R. G, Collins R. D. 1968; Studies on the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzreaction. The role of granulocytes. Laboratory Investigation 18: 101.
• 10 Ktjznik B. I, Kijzmienko E. L. 1971; A comparative action of leukocytes of healthy persons suffering from chronic lymphadenosis and myelosis on blood coagulation. Problemy gematologii i perelivaniya krovi 06: 35.
• 11 Lerner R. G, Rapaport S. I, Spitner J. M. 1968; Endotoxin-induced intravascular clotting: the need of granulocytes. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 20: 430.
• 12 Lisiewicz J. 1968; Thromboplastic, antiheparin and antithrombin activity of leukaemic leucocytes. Haematologia (Budapest) 02: 43.
• 13 Lisiewicz J, Malkiewicz-Wasowicz B, Biernacka B. 1973; Thromboplastic activity of chronic myelogenous leukaemia granulocytes. Folia Haematologica 99: 57.
• 14 McKay D. G, Margaretten W, Philips L. L. 1967; The role of the leukocyte in the generalised Shwartzman reaction. Laboratory Investigation 16: 511.
• 15 Malkiewicz B, Biernacka B, Lisiewicz J. 1971; Thromboplastic lymphocyte activity in chronic lymphatic leukaemia patients. Przeglad Lekarski 28: 625.
• 16 Malkiewicz B, Pajdak W, Oktjlski J, Lisiewicz J. 1971; Thromboplastic activity in leukaemic eosinophils. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 46: 747.
• 17 Malkiewicz B, Sznajd J, Lisiewicz J, Naskalski J. 1971; Biochemistry of normal and leukaemic leucocytes, IX. Przeglad Lekarski 28: 652.
• 18 Selye H. 1966. Thrombohemorrhagic Phenomena. Springfield: Illinois.;
• 19 Stetson C. A, Good R. A. 1951; Studies on the mechanism of the Shwartzman phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Medicine 92: 48.
• 20 Szmigiel Z. 1965; Method of leucocytes isolation. Przeglad Lekarski 03: 279.
• 21 Thomas L. 1964; Possible role of leukocytes granules in the Shwartzman and Arthus reactions. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 115: 235.
• 22 Wendt F, Kappler C, Durckhardt K, Bohle A. 1967; Production generalized Shwartzman reaction in rabbit with nitrogen mustard-induced granulocytopenia. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology Medicine 125: 486.