Plasma Level of IL-1β in Disseminated Intravascular Goagulation

Summary

The plasma level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was determined in normal individuals, patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), patients in the pre-DIC period (within 7 days before the onset of DIC), and non-DIC patients to examine the relationship between DIC and the plasma ILlp level. The plasma IL-1β level was 0-0.085 ng/ml in normal individuals, with little difference being seen according to related age. It was significantly higher in the DIC group (0.19 ± 0.19 ng/ml) than in the pre-DIC group (0.05 ± 0.08 ng/ml) or the non-DIC group (0.09 ± 0.01 ng/ml). The plasma IL-1β level was not markedly elevated in leukemia patients, even in the DIC group, but it was significantly increased in the DIC group of solid cancer patients and was generally elevated in patients with sepsis. It was markedly elevated to 0.39 ± 0.26 ng/ml in patients with organ failure. When mononuclear cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide, it was found that IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and tissue factor (TF) were released into the medium, and there was an increase of TF release from endothelial cells incubated with this medium. These results suggest that the increase in IL-Iβ reflected the activation of monocytes and may be an important factor in DIC and its associated organ failure.

• References

• 1 Kasakura S, Lowenstein L. A factor stimulating DNA synthesis derived from the medium of leukocyte cultures. Nature 1965; 208: 794-795
• 2 Gordon J, Maclean LD. A lymphocyte-stimulating factor produced in vitro. Nature 1965; 208: 795-796
• 3 Oppenheim JJ, Kovacs EJ, Matsushima K, Durum SK. There is more than one interleukin 1. Immunol Today 1986; 7: 45-56
• 4 Staruch MJ, Wood DD. The adjuvanticity of interleukin f in vivo. J Immunol 1983; 130: 2191-2194
• 5 Dinarello CA. Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J 1988; 2: 108-115
• 6 Murphy PA, Simon PL. Willoughby WE Endogenous pyrogens made by rabbit peritoneal exudate cells are identical with lymphocyteactivating factors made by rabbit alveolar macrophages. J Immunol 1980; 124: 2498-2501
• 7 Bevilacqua MP. et al Interleukin 1 (IL-l) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression on procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells. J Exp Med 1984; 160: 618-623
• 8 Charsen E, Flatmark A, Prydz H. Cytokine-induced procoagulant activity in monocytes and endothelial cells. Tiansplantation 1988; 46: 575-580
• 9 Cozzolino R, Torcia M, Miliani A, Carossino AM, Giordani R, Cinotti S, Filimberti E, Saccardi R, Bernabei R, Giovanni G, Guglielmo RD, Pistoia Y, Ferrarini M, Nawroth PR, Stern D. Potential role of interleukin-L as the trigger for diffuse intravascular coagulation in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Med 1988; 84: 240-250
• 10 Kobayashi N, Maegawa T, Takads M, Thnaka H, Gonmori H. Critera for diagnosis of DIC based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in 345 DIC patients collected by the Research Committee on DIC in Japan. Bibl Haematol 1987; 49: 265-275
• 11 Jaffe EA, Nachman RL, Becher CG, Minick CR. Culture of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 2745-2753
• 12 Yamazaki S, Sakamoto FI, Tonouchi M, Hayashi H. Proposal of standardized methods and reference for assaying recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1986; 39: 105-118
• 13 Yvonne MS, Steven HZ. A novel microtiter plate assay for the quantitation of procoagulant activity on adherent monocytes, macrophage and endothelial cells. Thromb Res 1989; 53: 339-346
• 14 Edgington TS. Activation of the coagulation system in association with neoplasia. J Lab Clin Med 1980; 96: 1-4
• 15 Cookling PR, Greenberg CS, Weinberg JB. Tumor necrosis factor induces tissue factor like activity in human leukemia cell line 1937 and peripheral blood monocytes. Blood 1988; 72: 118-133
• 16 Wado H, Nagano I, Kuto M, Karitani Y, Deguchi K, Shirakawa S. Coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in the leukemic cell lysates. Thromb Res 1982; 30: 315-322
• 17 Girardin E, Grau GE, Dayer JM, Lambert PR. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-L in the serum of children with severe infectious purpura. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 397-400