Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648188
Dependence of Blood Clot Lysis on the Mode of Transport of Urokinase into the Clot - A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Vitro
Publication History
Received 07 August 1990
Accepted 28 September 1990
Publication Date:
24 July 2018 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00035024/199105/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0038-1648188-1.jpg)
Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging was employed to study the dependence of clot lysing patterns on two different modes of transport of urokinase into whole blood clots. In one group of clots (nonperfused clots, n1 = 10), access of urokinase to the fibrin network was possible by diffusion only, whereas in the other group (perfused clots, n2 = 10) bulk flow of plasma containing urokinase was instituted through occlusive clots by a pressure difference of 3 .7 kPa (37 cm H2O) across 3 cm long clots with a diameter of 4 mm. It was determined separately that this pressure difference resulted in a volume flow rate of 5.05 ± 2.4 × 10−2 ml/min through occlusive clots. Perfused clots diminished in size significantly in comparison to nonperfused ones already after 20 min (p <0.005). Linear regression analysis of two-dimensional clot sizes measured by MRI showed that the rate of lysis was more than 50-times faster in the perfused group in comparison to the nonperfused group. It was concluded that penetration of the thrombolytic agent into clots by perfusion is much more effective than by diffusion. Our results might have some implications for understanding the differences in lysis of arterial and venous thrombi.
-
References
- 1 Tanaka T. Gels. Sci Am 1981; 244: 111-123
- 2 Shah GA, Dhal DP. On the binding of native plasminogen to fibrin and its role in thrombolysis. Thromb Res 1983; 32: 67-72
- 3 Okada M, Blombäck B. Factors influencing fibrin gel structure studied by flow measurement. Ann NY Acad Sci 1983; 408: 233-253
- 4 Blinc A, Lahajnar G, Blinc R, Zidanšek A, Sepe A. Proton NMR study of the state of waterin fibrin gels, plasma and blood clots. Magn Reson Med 1990; 14: 105-122
- 5 Stewart UA, Bradley MS, Johnson CS. Transport of probe molecules through fibrin gels as observed by means of holographic relaxation methods. Biopolymers 1988; 27: 173-185
- 6 McGregor R. Diffusion and Sorption in Fibres and Films. Academic press; London and New York: 1974. pp 12-18
- 7 Blombäck B, Okada M. On pores in fibrin gels. Thromb Res 1982; 26: 141-142
- 8 Carr ME, Hardin CL. Fibrin has larger pores when formed in the presence of erythrocytes. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: H1069-1073
- 9 Francis CW, Marder VJ. Physiologic regulation and pathologic disorders of fibrinolysis. Hum Pathol 1987; 18: 263-274
- 10 Lehninger AL. Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, Inc.; New York: 1982. pp 16-17
- 11 Lijnen HR, Collen D. Alpha-2-antiplasmin. In: Protease Inhibitors of Human Plasma. Biochemistry and Pathophysiology Murano G. (ed). PJD Publications Ltd; New York: 1986. pp 225-284
- 12 Bookstein JJ, Saldinger E. Accelerated thrombolysis in vitro evaluation of agents and methods of administration. Invest Radiol 1985; 20: 731-735
- 13 Blinc A, Lahajnar G, Blinc R, Zidansěk A, Jarh O, Keber D, Sepe A, Demsar E. Magnetic resonance imaging, relaxation and self-diffusion studies of blood clot retraction. In: Works in Progress, Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 8th Annual Meeting and Exhibition; Amsterdam: 1989. p 1147
- 14 Friedmann GB, Sandhu HS. NMR in blood. Magn Reson Rev 1981; 6: 247-307
- 15 Feinberg DA, Crooks LE, Hoenniger J, Arakawa M, Watts J. Pulsatile blood flow velocity in human arteries displayed by magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology 1984; 153: 177-184
- 16 von Schulthess GK, Augustiny N. Calculation of T2 values versus phase imaging for the distinction between flow and thrombus in MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 164: 549-554
- 17 Blombäck B, Okada M, Forslind B, Larrson U. Fibrin gels as biological filters at interfaces. Biorheology 1984; 21: 93-104
- 18 Zidanšek A, Blinc A. The influence of transport parameters and enzyme kinetics of the fibrinolytic system on thrombolysis: mathematical modelling of two idealised cases. Thromb Haemostas 1991; 65: 553-559
- 19 Blinc R, Jarh O, Zidanšek A, Blinc A. NMR determination of the fractal geometry of gels around the collapse transition. Z Naturforsch 1988; 44a: 163-164
- 20 Bugelski PJ, Kopia GA, Kopaciewicz L, Cadogan AS, Morgan DG. Ultrastructural analysis of thrombolysis by streptokinase and tissuetype plasminogen activator of experimental coronary arterial thrombosis. Fibrinolysis 1989; 3: 137-145
- 21 Bush LR, Melott MJ, Kanovsky SM, Holahan MA, Patrick DH. A model of femoral artery thrombosis in dogs. Fibrinolysis 1989; 3: 107-114
- 22 Sasaki K. Morphological and hematological studies on the experimental saphenous vein thrombosis in beagle dogs. Jpn J Vet Sci 1984; 46: 11-19
- 23 Gottlob R. Plasminogen and plasmin inhibitors in arterial and venous thrombi of various ages. In: Progress in Chemical Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis Davidson JR, Samama MM, Desnoyers PC. (eds). Raven Press; New York: 1975. Vol I 2345
- 24 Keber D, Šabovič M, Stendler M, Stegnar M. Dissolution of ex vivo thrombi by tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase and urokinase. Thromb Res 1986; Suppl (Suppl. 06) 55: 109