Analysis of Intrinsic Fibrinolysis in Human Plasma Induced by Dextran Sulfate

Summary

The analysis of normal human plasma by fibrin autography revealed four species of plasminogen activator (PA) activity related to tissue-type PA, factor XII, prekallikrein and urokinase-type PA (u-PA). The u-PA activity increased significantly by incubating plasma with dextran sulfate. This increase was coincident with both the cleavage of factor XII and the complex formation of activated factor XII with its plasma inhibitors, which were determined by immunoblotting procedure. The dextran sulfate-dependent activation of u-PA required both factor XII and prekallikrein, but did not require either plasminogen or factor XI. High molecular weight kininogen was required only at a low concentration of dextran sulfate. Thus the results indicate that the factor XII and prekallikrein-mediated activation of single chain u-PA (scu-PA) operates as a major pathway of scu-PA activation in whole plasma in contact with dextran sulfate.

• References

• 1 Kaplan AP, Silverberg M. The coagulation-kinin pathway of human plasma. Blood 1987; 70: 1-15
• 2 Kluft C, Dooijewaard G, Emeis JJ. Role of the contact system in fibrinolysis. Semin Thromb Hemostas 1987; 13: 50-68
• 3 Rijken DC, Wijngaards G, Welbergen J. Relationship between tissue plasminogen activator and the activators in blood and vascular wall. Thromb Res 1980; 18: 815-830
• 4 Colman RW. Activation of plasminogen by human plasma kallikrein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 35: 273-279
• 5 Goldsmith GH, Saito H, Ratnoff OD. The activation of plasminogen by Hageman factor (factor XII) and Hageman factor fragments. J Clin Invest 1978; 62: 54-60
• 6 Mandle RJ, Kaplan AP. Hageman-factor-dependent fibrinolysis: Generation of fibrinolytic activity by the interaction of human activated factor XI and plasminogen. Blood 1979; 54: 850-862
• 7 Miles LA, Greengard JS, Griffin JH. A comparison of the abilities of plasma kallikrein, p-factor Xlla, factor XIa and urokinase to activate plasminogen. Thromb Res 1983; 29: 407-417
• 8 Wun TC, Schleuning WD, Reich E. Isolation and characterization of urokinase from human plasma. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 3276-3283
• 9 Tissot JD, Schneider P, Hauert J, Ruegg M, Kruithof EK, Bach-mann F. Isolation from human plasma of a plasminogen activator identical to urinary high molecular weight urokinase. J Clin Invest 1982; 70: 1320-1323
• 10 Gurewich V. Pro-urokinase: Physiochemical properties and promotion of its fibrinolytic activity by urokinase and by tissue plasminogen activator with which it has a complementary mechanism of action. Semin Thromb Hemostas 1988; 110-115
• 11 Wijngaards G, Kluft C, Groeneveld E. Demonstration of urokinase-related fibrinolytic activity in human plasma. Br J Haematol 1982; 51: 165-169
• 12 Berger H, Tuttle PR. Comparative properties of six human plasminogen activators. Prog Fibrinolysis 1983; 6: 29-35
• 13 Miles LA, Rothschild Z, Griffin JH. Dextran sulfate-dependent fibrinolytic activity in whole human plasma. Prog Fibrinolysis 1983; 6: 58-61
• 14 Ichinose A, Fujikawa K, Suyama T. The activation of prourokinase by plasma kallikrein and its inactivation by thrombin. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 3486-3489
• 15 Hauert J, Nicoloso G, Schleuning WD, Bachmann F, Schapira M. Plasminogen activators in dextran sulfate-activated euglobulin fractions: A molecular analysis of factor XII- and prekallikrein-dependent fibrinolysis. Blood 1989; 73: 994-999
• 16 Binnema DJ, Dooijewaard G, Turion PNC. An analysis of the activators of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) in the dextran sulfate euglobulin fraction of normal plasma and of plasmas deficient in factor XII and prekallikrein. Thromb Haemostas 1991; 65: 144-148
• 17 Ratnoff OD, Everson B, Donaldson VH, Mitchell BH. Purification of Hageman factor (factor XII) on columns of popcorn-Agarose. Blood 1986; 67: 1550-1553
• 18 Yamamoto T, Kozono K, Okamoto T, Kato H, Kambara T. Purification of guinea-pig plasma prekallikrein: Activation by prekallikrein activator derived from guinea-pig skin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 614: 511-525
• 19 Yamamoto T, Cochrane CG. A protease-like permeability factor in guinea-pig skin: Immunologic identity with plasma Hageman factor. Am J Pathol 1982; 107: 127-134
• 20 Deutsch DG, Mertz ET. Plasminogen: Purification from human plasma by affinity chromatography. Science 1970; 170: 1095-1096
• 21 Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680-685
• 22 Tsuda H, Oka K, Noutsuka Y, Sueishi K. Tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with intracranial meningiomas. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 60: 508-513
• 23 Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gelts to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 4350-4354
• 24 Sprengers ED, Kluft C. Plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood 1987; 69: 381-387
• 25 Emeis JJ, Edgell C-JS. Fibrinolytic properties of a human endothelial hybrid cell line (Ea.hy 926). Blood 1988; 71: 1669-1675
• 26 Shibuya Y, Yamamoto T, Tanaka H, Semba U, Kambara T, Okabe H. Mechanized assay of plasma prekallikrein by activation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and amidolysis of chromogenic substrate. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 200: 119-128
• 27 Fujikawa K, Davie EW. Human factor XII (Hageman factor). Methods Enzymol 1981; 80: 198-211
• 28 van der Graaf F, Keus FJA, Vlooswijk RAA, Bouma BN. The contact activation mechanism in human plasma: Activation induced by dextran sulfate. Blood 1982; 59: 1225-1233
• 29 Pixley RA, Schapira M, Colman RW. The regulation of human factor Xlla by plasma proteinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 1723-1729
• 30 Binnema DJ, Dooijewaard G, van Iersel JJL, Turion PNC, Kluft C. The contact-system dependent plasminogen activator from human plasma: Identification and characterization. Thromb Haemostas 1990; 64: 390-397
• 31 Sugo T, Kato H, Iwanaga S, Takada K, Sakakibara S. Kinetic studies on surface-mediated activation of bovine factor XII and prekallikrein. Effects of kaolin and high-Mr kininogen on the activation reactions. Eur J Biochem 1985; 146: 43-50
• 32 Fujikawa K, Heimark RL, Kurachi K, Davie EW. Activation of bovine factor XII (Hageman factor) by plasma kallikrein. Biochemistry 1980; 19: 1322-1330
• 33 Schousboe I. Kinetic studies on inositolphospholipid-mediated activation of human prekallikrein by activated factor XII. Effects of high-Mr kininogen and p₂-glycoprotein I. Thromb Haemostas 1989; 62: 296