Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII

Summary

The activating principle (CPA) of the factor VII activation seen in plasmas of women taking oral contraceptives after overnight incubation of the plasmas at 0° C was investigated. The reaction was dependent on low temperature, and factor XII was indispensable. Concomitant with the activation of factor VII a 10–30 fold increase in TAME esterolytic activity was observed together with a near 100 per cent drop in plasma kininogen concentration. The results indicated that the activation of factor VII is linked to activation of the kallikrein system, and that the activator may be plasma kallikrein.

• References

• 1 Abiko Y, Iwamoto M, and Shimizu M. 1968; Plasminogen-plasmin system. Journal of Biochemistry 64: 751.
• 2 Alkjaersig N, Fletcher A. P, and Sherry S. 1958; The activation of human plasminogen. Journal of Biological Chemistry 233: 81.
• 3 Altman R, and Hemker H. C. 1967; Contact activation in the extrinsic blood clotting system. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 18: 525.
• 4 Armstrong D. 1969 Hageman factor and the spontaneous human plasma kinin generation occurring in homogenous media. Activation and Inactivation. In : Inflammation Biochemistry and Drug Interaction. Exerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam.
• 5 Armstrong D, and Dias da Silva W. 1970; Kinin formation in human blood serum induced by cooling and by heat aggregated human gamma globulin preparations. Advances in Experimental and Medical Biology 8: 31.
• 6 Armstrong D, Mills G. L, and Sicuteri F. 1966. Physiological influence on the liberation of human plasma kinin at low temperatures. In: Hypotensive Peptides, Proceedings of the International Symposium, Florence 1965. Springer Verlag; New York:
• 7 Back N, and Steger R. 1965; Activation of bovine bradykininogen by human plasmin. Life Sciences 4: 153.
• 8 Becker E. L, Wilhelm D. L, and Miles A. A. 1959; Enzymatic nature of the serum globulin permeability factor. Nature 183: 1264.
• 9 Biggs R, and Macfarlane R. G. 1963. Human Blood Coagulation and its Disorders. Blackwell Scientific Publications; Oxford:
• 10 Budnitskaya P, Gapanhuk E, and Henriques O. B. 1970; Comparative action of various kininogenases on crude horse plasma substrates. Biochemical Pharmacology 19: 2083.
• 11 Buluk K, Malofiejew M, and Czokalo M. 1965; Activation of fibrinolysis and of plasmakinin system during venostasis. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 14: 500.
• 12 Cochrane C. G, and Witepper K. D. 1971; The first component of the kinin-forming system in human and rabbit plasma. Journal of Experimental Medicine 134: 986.
• 13 Colman R. W, Mattler L, and Sherry S. 1969; Studies on the prekallikrein (kallikreinogen) – kallikrein enzyme system of human plasma. Journal of Clinical Investigation 48: 23.
• 14 Diniz C. R, and Carvalho I. F. 1963; A micromethod for determination of bradykininogen under several conditions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 104: 77.
• 15 Donaldson V. H. 1961; Studies on the activation of a serum esterase with ether and its relationship to C’l-esterase. Journal of Clinical Investigation 40: 673.
• 16 Donaldson V. H. 1968; Mechanisms of activation of C’l-esterase in hereditary angioneurotic edema plasma in vitro. Journal of Experimental Medicine 127: 411.
• 17 Gjønnæss Eisen V. 1963; Observations on intrinsic kinin-forming factors in human plasma: The effect of acid, acetone, chloroform, heat and euglobulin separation on kinin formation. Journal of Physiology 166: 496.
• 18 Gjønnæss H. 1972; a Cold promoted activation of factor VII. I: Evidence for the existence of an activator. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 28: 155.
• 19 Gladhaug Å, and Prydz H. 1970; Purification of the coagulation factors VII and X from human serum. Some properties of factor VII. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 215: 105.
• 20 Godal H. C, and Abildgaard U. 1966; Gelation of soluble fibrin in plasma by ethanol. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 3: 342.
• 21 Godal H. C, and Theodor I. 1965; In vtro inhibition of streptokinase-induced proteolysis by Trasylol and by epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Suppl. 84: 199.
• 22 Habermann E. 1968; Zur Frage der Beziehung zwischen Kininsystem und allergischen Prozessen. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 93: 40.
• 23 Haines A. L, and Lepow I. H. 1964; Studies on human C’l esterase. Journal of Immunology 92: 456.
• 24 Hamberg U. 1969; The relation of the fibrinolytic mechanism to other systems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 173: 393.
• 25 Harmison C. R, and Mammen E. F. 1967. Molecular characteristics of substances active in blood coagulation: XV. Hageman factor. In: Blood Clotting Enzymology. Academic Press; New York and London:
• 26 Henriques O. B, Lavras A. A. C, Fichman M, and Picarelli Z. P. 1966; Plasma enzymes that release kinins. Biochemical Pharmacology 15: 31.
• 27 Iatridis S. G, and Ferguson J. H. 1962; Active Hageman factor: A plasma lysokinase of the human fibrinolytic system. Journal of Clinical Investigation 41: 1277.
• 28 Jacobsen C. D. 1968; Proteolytic capacity in human plasma I. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 21: 216.
• 29 Jacobsen S. 1966; Substrates for plasma kinin-forming enzymes in human, dog and rabbit plasmas. British Journal of Pharmacology 26: 403.
• 30 Jahrreiss R, and Habermann E. 1971; On the endogenous mechanism of kinin release I. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archiv für Pharmakologie 269: 85.
• 31 Johnston C. L, Ferguson J. H, and O’Hanlon F. A. 1958; Surface activation of plasma clotting: a function of Hageman factor. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 99: 197.
• 32 Kagen L. J, Leddy J. P, and Becker E. L. 1963; The presence of two permeability globulins in human serum. Journal of Clinical Investigation 42: 1353.
• 33 Kaplan A. P, and Austen K. F. 1970; A pre-albumin activator of prekallikrein. Journal of Immunology 105: 802.
• 34 Kowalski F, Kopeć M, and Niewiarowski S. 1959; An evaluation of the euglobulin method for the determination of fibrinolysis. Journal of Clinical Pathology 12: 215.
• 35 Kraut H, Frey E. K, and Werle E. 1933; Über den Nachweis und das Vorkommen des Kallikreins im Blut. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie 222: 73.
• 36 Kumagai N, Abe K, Mouri T, Seki T, and Yoshinaga K. 1968; TAMe esterase activity in human plasma under normal and pathological conditions. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 95: 121.
• 37 Leveson J. E, and Esnouf M. P. 1969; The inhibition of activated factor X with Di: isopropyl fluorophosphate. British Journal of Haematology 17: 173.
• 38 Margolis J. 1957; Initiation of blood coagulation by glass and related surfaces. Journal of Physiology 137: 95.
• 39 Margolis J. 1958; Activation of plasma by contact with glass: Evidence for a common reaction which releases plasma kinin and initiates coagulation. Journal of Physiology 144: 1.
• 40 Movat H. Z, Özge-Anwar A. H, and Soltay M. J. Role of the contact phase of blood coagulation in the activation of the kinin-forming system. Abstr. vol. II. Congress, The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Oslo, July 1971.
• 41 Nagasawa S, Takashi H, Koida M, Suzuki T, and Schoenmakers J. G. G. 1968; Partial purification of bovine plasma kallikreinogen, its activation by the Hageman factor. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 32: 644.
• 42 Niewiarowski S, and Prou-Waetelle O. 1959; Bole du facteur contact (facteur Hageman) dans la fibrinolyse. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 3: 593.
• 43 Norman P. S. 1957; Studies of the plasmin system. Journal of Experimental Medicine 106: 423.
• 44 Nossel H. L. 1964. The Contact Phase of Blood Coagidation. Blackwell Scientific Publications; Oxford:
• 45 Ogston D, Ogston C. M, Ratnoff O. D, and Forbes C. D. 1969; Studies on a complex mechanism for the activation of plasminogen by kaolin and by chloroform : The participation of Hageman factor and additional cofactors. Journal of Clinical Investigation 48: 1786.
• 46 Owren P. A. 1959; Thrombotest. A new method for controlling anticoagulant therapy. Lancet 2: 754.
• 47 Pechet L, and Alexander B. 1960; Activation of prothrombin, factors VII and X by proteolytic pathway. Federation Proceedings 19: 64.
• 48 Prydz H. 1965. Studies on Proconvertin (F. VII). Universitetsforlaget; Oslo:
• 49 Ratnoff O. D, and Lepow I. R. 1957; Some properties of an esterase derived from preparations of the first component of complement. Journal of Experimental Medicine 106: 327.
• 50 Ratnoff O. D, and Rosenblum J. M. 1958; Role of Hageman factor in the initiation of clotting by glass. American Journal of Medicine 25: 160.
• 51 Schoenmakers J. G. G, Matze R, Haanen C, and Zilliken F. 1965; Hageman factor, a novel sialoglycoprotein with esterase activity. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 101: 166.
• 52 Schrogie J. J, Solomon H. M, and Zieve P. D. 1967; Effect of oral contraceptives on vitamin K-dependent clotting activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 8: 670.
• 53 Sherry S, and Troll W. 1954; The action of thrombin on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 208: 95.
• 54 Sherry S, Alkjaersig N. K, and Fletcher A. P. 1966; Observations on the spontaneous arginine and lysine esterase activity of human plasma, and their relation to hageman factor. Thrombosis et Diathesis Haemorrhagica Suppl. 20: 243.
• 55 Soulier J.-P, and Prou-Wartelle O. 1959; Nouvelles données sur les facteurs Hageman et P. T. A. et sur le “Contact”. Revue Française d’études Cliniques et biologiques 4: 932.
• 56 Troll W, Sherry S, and Wachman J. 1954; The action of plasmin on synthetic substrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 208: 85.
• 57 Vogt W. 1964; Kinin formation by plasmin, an indirect process mediated by activation of kallikrein. Journal of Physiology 170: 153.
• 58 Waaler B. A. 1959. Contact Activation in the Intrinsic Blood Clotting System. Thesis. Oslo University Press; Oslo:
• 59 Webster M. E. 1966; The kallikrein-kininogen-kinin-system. Arthritis and Rheumatism 9: 473.
• 60 Webster M. E, and Pierce J. V. 1960; Studies on plasma kallikrein and its relationship to plasmin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 130: 484.
• 61 Webster M. E, and Pierce J. V. 1961; Action of the kallikreins on synthetic ester substrates. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology 107: 186.
• 62 Young F. E, and Lepow I. H. 1959; Further studies on the effect of Ca²⁺ on the first component of human complement (C’l). Journal of Immunology 83: 364.