Calcium Electrode – a Method for the Continuous Monitoring of the Platelet Release Reaction

Summary

The calcium electrode is a convenient, inexpensive, and non-traumatic method for measuring changes in the extracellular calcium which accompanies a platelet release reaction. With this instrument, the temporal pattern of release by platelets in a buffered-saline medium following thrombin stimulation was observed as follows: an initial time lag phase, followed by a maximum release phase, and finally a slow release phase.

• References

• 1 D’Amore P. D, Shepro D. Stimulation of growth and calcium influx in cultured, bovine aortic endothelial cells by platelets and vasoactive substances. Journal Cellular Physiology, in press. 1977
• 2 Detwiler T. C, Feinman R. D. Kinetics of thrombin-induced release of calcium (II) by platelets. Biochemistry 1973; 12: 282
• 3 Detwiler T. C, Feinman R. D. Kinetics of the thrombin-induced release of adenosine triphosphate by platelets. Comparison with the release of calcium. Biochemistry 1973; a 12: 2462
• 4 Feinstein M. B, Fraser C. Human platelet secretion and aggregation induced by calcium ionophores. Inhibition by PGE₁ and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Journal of General Physiology 1975; 66: 561
• 5 Filip D. J, Eckstein J. D, Sibley C. A. The effect of platelet concentrate storage temperature on adenine nucleotide metabolism. Blood 1975; 45: 749
• 6 Gimbrone M. A, Aster R. H, Cotran R. S, Corkery J, Jandl J. H, Folkman J. Preservation of vascular integrity in organs perfused in vitro with a platelet-rich medium. Nature 1969; 222: 33
• 7 Grette K. Studies on the mechanisms of thrombin-catalyzed hemostatic reactions in blood platelets. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 56 (Suppl. 195) 1962; 5
• 8 Holmsen H, Day H. J, Stormorken H. The blood platelet release reaction. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 1969. Suppl. 8 1
• 9 Holmsen H, Weiss H. J. Hereditary defect in the platelet release reaction caused by a deficiency in the storage pool of platelet adenine nucleotides. British Journal of Haematology 1970; 19: 643
• 10 Kitchens C. S, Weiss L. Ultrastructural changes of endothelium associated with thrombocytopenia. Blood 1975; 46: 567
• 11 LaGarde M, DeChavanne M, Thouverez J. P, Verry M. Effects of gliclazide, a new antidiabetic agent, on the platelet release reaction: role of adenylate cyclase. Thrombosis Research 1975; 6: 345
• 12 Madeira V. M. C. A rapid and ultrasensitive method to measure Ca⁺⁺ movement across biological membranes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research. Communications 1975; 64: 870
• 13 Murer E. H. Thrombin-induced release of calcium from blood platelets. Science 1969; 166: 623
• 14 Murer E. H, Holme R. A study of the release of calcium from human blood platelets and its inhibition by metabolic inhibitors, N-ethylmaleimide and aspirin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1970; 222: 197
• 15 Mustard J. F, Packham M. A. Factors influencing platelet function: adhesion, release and aggregation. Pharmacological Review 1970; 22: 97
• 16 O’Brien J. R, Woodhouse M. A. Platelets: their size, shape and stickiness in vitro. De-granulation and stickiness. Experimental Biology and Medicine 1968; 3: 90
• 17 Robblee L. S, Shepro D. The effect of external calcium and lanthanum on platelet calcium content and on the release reaction Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1976; 436: 448
• 18 Weiss H. J. Abnormalities in platelet function due to defects in the release reaction. New York Academy of Sciences 1972; 201: 161
• 19 Weiss H. J. Platelet physiology and abnormalities of platelet function. New England Journal of Medicine 1975; 293: 531
• 20 Weiss H. J, Chervenick P. A, Zalusky R, Factor A. A familial defect in platelet: function associated with impaired release of adenosine diphosphate. New England Journal of Medicine 1969; 281: 1264