Hamostaseologie 1989; 09(01): 21-36
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655251
Originalarbeiten
Schattauer GmbH

Therapeutische Embolisierung bei Lebererkrankungen (Leber und Ösophagus)

F. Olbert
1   Aus dem Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für radiologisch-physikalische Tumordiagnostik (Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. Pokieser) am Zentralen Institut für Radiodiagnostik der Universität Wien (Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. Pokieser) und der Röntgenstation (Leiter: Doz. Dr. D. Tscholakoff) der I. Medizinischen Universitätsklinik Wien (Vorstand: Prof. Dr. W. Waldhäusl)
,
R. Walter
1   Aus dem Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für radiologisch-physikalische Tumordiagnostik (Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. Pokieser) am Zentralen Institut für Radiodiagnostik der Universität Wien (Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. Pokieser) und der Röntgenstation (Leiter: Doz. Dr. D. Tscholakoff) der I. Medizinischen Universitätsklinik Wien (Vorstand: Prof. Dr. W. Waldhäusl)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 June 2018 (online)

 

 
  • LITERATUR

  • 1 Ajani J A, Carrasco C H, Charnsangavej C, Samaan N A, Levin B, Wallace S. Islet cell tumors metastatic to the liver: effective palliation by sequential hepatic artery embolization. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 340-4.
  • 2 Anderson J H, Wallace S, Gianturco C, Gerson L R. »Mini« Gianturco steel coils for transcatheter vascular occlusion. Radiology 1979; 131: 301-3.
  • 3 Applbaum Y N, Renner J W. Steel coil embolization of hepatoportal fistulae. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1987; 10: 75-9.
  • 4 Aune S, Schistad G. Carcinoid liver métastasés treated with hepatic dearterialization. Am J Surg 1972; 123: 715-7.
  • 5 Baumann U A, Tillmann U, Frei J, Fehr H. Arterielles Aneurysma der Leber mit arterio-portaler Fistel: Behandlung mittels Embolisation. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1984; 114/13: 451-3.
  • 6 Bengmark S T. Surgical management of portal hypertension. Clin Gastroenterol 1975; 04: 429-32.
  • 7 Berthold F, Schultheis K H, Aigner K, Lampert F. Kombinationstherapie und Chemoembolisation bei der Behandlung primär inoperabler Hepatoblastome. Klin Pädiatr 1986; 198/3: 257-61.
  • 8 Bookstein J J, Chlosta E M, Foley D. Transcatheter hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding using modified autogenous clot. Radiology 1974; 113: 277-85.
  • 9 Breedis C, Young G. The blood supply of neoplasmas of the liver. Am J Path 1954; 30: 969-71.
  • 10 Brunelle F, Maurage C, Lacombe A, Chaumont P. Emergency embolization in posttraumatic hemobilia in a child. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20: 172-4.
  • 11 Bruneton J-N, Kerboul P, Grimaldi C, Normand F, Balu-Maestro C, Rampai P, Delmont J. Hepatic intraarterial Lipiodol: technique, sémiologie patterns, and value for hepatic tumors. Gastrointest Radiol 1988; 13: 45-51.
  • 12 Burgener F A, Gothlin J, Cutcliff W B. Angiographie, microangiographic and hemodynamic evaluation of hepatic artery embolization in the rabbit. Presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association of University Radiologists; Kansas City, Kansas: May 3, 1977
  • 13 Campbell D R, Mason W F, Flemming B K, Fraser D B. Therapeutic embolization of the hepatic artery. J Can Assoc Radiol 1985; 36: 212-5.
  • 14 Carrasco C H, Ajani J A, Samaan N A, Charnsangavej C, Boman B M, Wallace S. Sequential hepatic artery embolization (HAE) for metastatic islet cell carcinoma. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1987; 06: A322
  • 15 Carrasco C H, Charnsangavej C, Ajani J. et al. The carcinoid syndrome: palliation by hepatic artery embolization. Am J Roentgenol 1986; 147: 149-54.
  • 16 Carrasco C H, Chuang V P, Wallace S. Apudomas metastatic to the liver: treatment by hepatic artery embolization. Radiology 1983; 149: 79-83.
  • 17 Carrasco C H, Wallace S, Charnsangavej C. et al. Treatment of hepatic métastasés in ocular melanoma. Embolization of the hepatic artery with polyvinyl sponge and cisplatin. J Am Med Assoc 1986; 255: 3152-4.
  • 18 Charnsangavej C, Wallace S, Carrasco C H, Bechtel W. Hepatic artery embolization for liver cancer. Dev Oncol 1985; 30: 157-77.
  • 19 Chen M F, Jan Y Y, Lee T Y. Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization followed by hepatic resection for the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1986; 58: 332-5.
  • 20 Chuang V P, Wallace S. Hepatic arterial redistribution for intraarterial infusion of hepatic neoplasms. Radiology 1980; 135: 295-9.
  • 21 Chuang V C, Wallace S. Hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms. Radiology 1981; 140: 51-8.
  • 22 Chuang V P, Wallace S. Interventional approaches to hepatic tumor treatment. Semin Roentgenol 1983; 18: 127-35.
  • 23 Chuang V P, Wallace S, So’o C h-S, Charnsangavej C h, Bowers T. Therapeutic Ivalon embolization of hepatic tumors. Am J Roentgenol 1982; 138: 289-94.
  • 24 Clouse M E, Lee R G L, Duszlak E J, Lokich J J, Trey C h, Alday M R, Yoburn D C, Diamond J, Crosson A W, Costello P h. Peripheral hepatic artery embolization for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms. Radiology 1983; 147: 407-11.
  • 25 Daniels J, Daniels A, Quinn M, Lundell C, Hohn D, Ring E, Lewis B, Maroney T, Barth N, Brant-Zawadzki M. et al. Phase I trial with cisplatin or mitomycin hepatic chemoembolization (CE) with angiostat collagen for embolization (CFE) in patients with colorectal cancer. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1988; 07: A385
  • 26 Denck H, Olbert F, Muzika N. Perkutane transhepatische Kombination von paravasaler ösophagoskopischer Sklerosierung und Embolisierung. In: Paquet K J, Denck H, Zöckler C E. (Hrsg). Die Ösophagusvarizenblutung. Hameln: TM-Verlag; 1984: 147-50.
  • 27 Derauf B J, Hunter D W, Sirr S t-A, Cardella J F, Castaneda-Zuniga W, Amplatz K. Peripheral embolization of diffuse hepatic arteriovenous malformations in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1987; 10: 80-3.
  • 28 Donnegan W L, Harris H S, Spratt J S. Prolonged continuous hepatic infusion. Arch Surg 1969; 99: 149-57.
  • 29 Doppman J L, Dunnick N R, Girton M, Fauci A S, Popovsky M A. Bile duct cysts secondary to liver infarcts : report of a case and experimental production by small vessel hepatic artery occlusion. Radiology 1979; 130: 1-5.
  • 30 Doppman J L, Girton M E. Bile duct scarring following ethanol embolization of the hepatic artery: an experimental study in monkeys. Radiology 1984; 152: 621-6.
  • 31 Doppman J L, Girton M, Vermess M. The risk of hepatic artery embolization in the presence of obstructive jaundice. Radiology 1982; 143: 37-43.
  • 32 Fisherman K, Petersen C F, Jensen S L. et al. Survival among patients with liver métastasés from cancer of the colon and rectum. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976; (Suppl) 37: 111-5.
  • 33 Fujiwara H, Matsutani A, Yunomura K, Ibuki Y, Harada T. A clinical evaluation of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization on hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 New Series 31/10 Suppl: 190 (Meeting abstr).
  • 34 Gelin L E, Lewis D H, Nilsson L. Liver blood flow in man during abdominal surgery. II. The effect of hepatic artery occlusion on the blood flow through metastatic tumor nodules. Acta Hepatosplenol 1968; 15: 21-4.
  • 35 Gianturco C, Anderson J H, Wallace S. Mechanical devices for arterial occlusion. Am J Roentgenol 1975; 124: 428-35.
  • 36 Giertz H. Histamin, 5-Hydroxytryptamin, SRS-A, Prostaglandine, Pharmakologie der Allergie, Arzneimittelallergie. In: Forth W, Henschler D, Rummel W. (Hrsg). Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 3. Aufl.. Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut; 1980: 139-64.
  • 37 Harada T, Ibuki Y, Fujiwara H, Yunomura K, Kuronuma Y, Matsutani A. A clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization on hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Med 1987; 26: 180-3.
  • 38 Healey J E, Sheena K S. Vascular patterns in metastatic liver tumors. Surg Forum 1963; 14: 121-2.
  • 39 Hemingway A P, Allison D J. Aneurysm of an accessory right hepatic artery: an unusiial complication of embolisation. J Intervent Radiol 1987; 02: 165-7.
  • 40 Hemingway A P, Allison D J. Complications of embolization: analysis of 410 procedures. Radiology 1988; 166: 669-72.
  • 41 Hirai K, Kawazoe Y, Yamashita K, Kumagai M, Nagata K, Kawaguchi S, Abe M, Tanikawa K. Transcatheter arterial embolization for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1986; 81: 275-9.
  • 42 Hockerstedt K, Nieminen J, Scheinin T M. Liver blood flow after liver hilus dearterialization. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1978; 67: 224-8.
  • 43 Hoevels J. Perkutane transhepatische Verödung von Ösophagus-Varizen. In: Paquet K J, Denck H, Zöckler C E. (Hrsg). Die Ösophagusvarizenblutung. Hameln: TM- Verlag; 1984: 101-4.
  • 44 Hoevels J. Transhepatische Embolisation blutender Magenfundus- und Ösophagusvarizen. Radiol Diagn (Berl) 1987; 28: 545-8.
  • 45 Houssin D, Brunet A M, Brochard L, D’Hubert E, Benmansour A, Roche A, Bismuth H. Traitement des hemorragies incontrollables dues aux varices oesophagiennes chez le cirrhotique. Embolisation transhepatique ou dérivation portale d’urgence. Presse Med 1986; 15: 509-13.
  • 46 Hsieh J S, Huang C J, Huang Y S, Sheen P C, Huang T J. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment by hepatic artery embolization. Am J Roentgenol 1987; 149: 715-7.
  • 47 Hwang T L, Chen M F, Lee T Y, Chen T J, Lin D Y, Liaw Y F. Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial embolization. Réévaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of preoperative embolization. Arch Surg 1987; 122: 756-9.
  • 48 Ibuki Y, Matsutani A, Kuronuma Y, Yunomura K, Fujiwara H, Harada T. A therapeutic value of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization for bleeding from spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 New Series 31, Suppl: 375 (Meeting abstr).
  • 49 Jaffee B M, Donegan W L, Watson F. et al. Factors influencing survival in patients with untreated hepatic métastasés. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1968; 127: 1-11.
  • 50 Jian R, Seyring J A, Roche A. et al. Improvement of metastatic glucagonoma by hepatic artery embolization. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 481-2.
  • 51 Karakousis C P. Combined hepatic arterial occlusion and chemotherapy for primary or secondary tumors of the liver. Dev Oncol 1985; 30: 372-86.
  • 52 Keller F S, Rösch J, Dotter C T, Jendrzejewski J W. Embolization in the treatment of bleeding gastroesophageal varices. In: Felson B. (Ed). Interventional Radiology. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1981: 62-74.
  • 53 Keller F S, Rosch J, Dotter C T. Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices with absolute ethanol. Radiology 1983; 146: 615-9.
  • 54 Kim T H, Chuang V, Ricketts R, Zaatari GAtkinson, Andrews H G, Ball T, Ragab A H. Improved surgical resectability of childhood hepatic malignancies by primary transcatheter embolization. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1986; 05: 203 (Meeting abstr).
  • 55 Kock N G, Hahnloser P, Roding P. et al. Interaction between portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flow. An experimental study in the dog. Surgery 1972; 72: 414-9.
  • 56 Kuroda C h, Iwasaki M, Tanaka T, Tokunaga K, Hori S, Yoshioka H, Nakamura G, Sakurai M, Okamura J. Gallbladder infarction following hepatic transcatheter arterial embolization. Radiology 1983; 149: 85-9.
  • 57 Lackgren G, Lorelius L E, Olsen L, Wassen C. Hemobilia in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 1988; 23: 105-8.
  • 58 Lammer J, Justich E, Schreyer H. Therapeutische Embolisation mit Polyvinylalkohol (Ivalon); Klinische Erfahrungen. Röntgenbl 1983; 36: 152-7.
  • 59 Lin D-Y, Liaw Y-F, Lee T-Y, Lai Q M. Hepatic arterial embolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 453-6.
  • 60 Lin G, Hagerstrand I, Lunderquist A. Portal blood supply of liver métastasés. Am J Roentgenol 1984; 143: 53-5.
  • 61 Livraghi T, Salmi A, Bolondi L, Marin G, Arienti V, Monti F, Vettori C. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: percutaneous alcohol injection - results in 23 patients. Radiology 1988; 168: 313-7.
  • 62 Lunderquist A, Ericsson M, Nobin A, Sandén G. Gelfoam powder embolization of the hepatic artery in liver métastasés of carcinoid tumors. Radiologe 1982; 22: 65-70.
  • 63 Lunderquist A, Vang J. Transhepatic catheterisation and obliteration of coronary vein in patients with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices. N Engl J Med 1974; 291: 646-9.
  • 64 Makuuchi M, Sukigara M, Mori T, Kobayashi J, Yamazaki S, Hasegawa H, Moriyama N, Takayasu K, Hirohashi S. Bile duct necrosis: complication of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization. Radiology 1985; 156: 331-4.
  • 65 McDougal E G, Mandel S R. Traumatic hemobilia. Successful nonoperative treatment in two cases. Am Surg 1984; 50: 169-72.
  • 66 Mavligit G. Regression of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by intrahepatic chemoembolization with cisplatinum and polyvinyl sponge (ivalon).. Cancer Invest 1986; 04: 26 (Meeting abstr).
  • 67 Mavligit G, Carrasco C. Regression of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by intrahepatic embolization with cis platinum-ivalon slurry. Short Talks and Posters Abstracts, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro. 1985 abstr 161.
  • 68 Mavligit G, Carrasco C, Papadopoulos N, Charnsangavej C, Wallace S. Regression of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver after chemoembolization with cis platinum (CDDP) and polyvinyl sponge (PVS).. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1987; 06: A830
  • 69 Markowitz J. The hepatic artery. Surg Gvnccol Obstct 1952; 95: 644-6.
  • 70 Marlink R, Clouse M. Complications of hepatic arterial embolization for apudomas and other tumors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1986; 05: 87 (Meeting abstr).
  • 71 Matsui O, Kawamura I, Kadoya M, Takashima T, Nakanuma Y. Hepatic artery embolization of experimental hepatic tumors with absolute ethanol. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1986; 09: 146-51.
  • 72 Mazoit J X, Brunelle F, Danel P, De Victor D. Therapeutic embolization of hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomas of the liver in infants. A hemodynamics study. Ann Radiol 1985; 28: 283-8.
  • 73 McDermott W V, Greenberger N J, Isselbacher K J. et al. Major hepatic resection: diagnostic techniques and metabolic problems. Surgery 1963; 54: 56-66.
  • 74 Michels N A. Blood Supply and Anatomy of the Upper Abdominal Organs. New York: Lippincott; 1955: 152-4 256-9, 374-5.
  • 75 Mitty H A, Warner R R P, Newman L H. et al. Control of carcinoid syndrome with hepatic artery embolization. Radiology 1985; 155: 623-6.
  • 76 Mori W, Masuda M, Miyanaga T. Hepatic artery ligation and tumor necrosis in the liver. Surgery 1966; 59: 359-63.
  • 77 Nakamura H, Hashimoto T, Oi H, Sawada S. Hepatic embolization through periportal collaterals: balloon occlusion technique. Am J Roentgenol 1987; 148: 626-8.
  • 78 Nakamura H, Hashimoto T, Oi H, Sawada S. Iodized oil in the portal vein after arterial embolization. Radiology 1988; 167: 415-7.
  • 79 Nakamura H, Tanaka M, Hiromichi O. Hepatic embolization from the common hepatic artery using balloon occlusion technique. Am J Roentgenol 1985; 145: 115-6.
  • 80 Nakanishi Y, Sano H, Kimura J. et al. Clinical evaluation of palliative therapy for unresectable primary liver cancer. Cancer 1986; 58: 329-31.
  • 81 Nakao N, Ishikura R, Miura K, Takahashi H, Miura T. Transcatheter arterial embolization in hepatoma complicated with obstructive jaundice. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1987; 10: 40-2.
  • 82 Nakao N, Miura K, Takahashi H, Ohnishi M, Miura T, Okamoto E, Ishikawa Y. Hepatocellular carcinoma: combined hepatic, arterial, and portal venous embolization. Radiology 1986; 161: 303-7.
  • 83 Nilsson L A, Zettergen L. Effect of hepatic artery ligation on induced primary liver carcinoma in rats. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1987; 71: 187-93.
  • 84 Nöldge G. Die neue »Micro«-Spirale mit koaxialem Applikationsset für den superselektiven Gefäßverschluß. Fortschr Röntgenstr 1983; 139: 408-12.
  • 85 Ohnishi K, Sugita S, Nomura F, Iida S, Tanabe Y. Arterial chemoembolization with mitomycin C microcapsules followed by transcatheter hepatic artery embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82: 876-9.
  • 86 Ohnishi K, Takayasu K, Takashi M, Suzuki N, Hirashima T, Hara T, Saito M, Hatano H, Nakayama T, Nomura F. et al. Transhepatic obliteration of esophageal varices using stainless coils combined with hypertonic glucose and gelfoam. J Clin Gastroenterol 1985; 07: 200-7.
  • 87 Ohnishi K, Tanebe Y, Ryu M. et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 5 cm in relation to treatment: study of 100 patients. Hepatology 1987; 07: 1285-90.
  • 88 Ohnishi K, Tsuchiya S, Nakayama T, Hiyama Y, Iwama S, Goto N, Takashi M, Ohtsuki T, Kono K, Nakajiama Y, Okuda K. Arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with mitomycin C microcapsules. Radiology 1984; 152: 51-5.
  • 89 Ohsaki Y, Shimizu T, Higuchi T, Takamatsu S. Transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to the prognosis. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 New Series 31, Suppl: 189 (Meeting abstr).
  • 90 Ohtomo K, Furui S, Kokubo T. et al. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in treatment for hepatoma. Analysis of three-year survivors. Radiat Med/Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 1985; 3/3: 176-80.
  • 91 Ohtomo K, Furui S, Saito M, Kokubo T, Itai Y, Iio M. Enormous intrahepatic communication between the portal vein and the hepatic vein. Clin Radiol 1986; 37: 513-4.
  • 92 Okuda K. Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Primary liver cancers in Japan. Cancer 1980; 45: 2663-9.
  • 93 Olbert F. Therapie der Ösophagusvarizenblutung durch perkutane transhepatische intravasale Sklerosierung. In: Paqet K J, Denck H, Berchtold R. (Hrsg). Portale Hypertension. Basel: Karger; 1982: 64-72.
  • 94 Olbert F. Die Behandlung der Ösophagusvarizenblutung durch perkutane transhepatische intravasale Sklerosierung. In: Paquet K J, Denck H, Zöckler C E. (Hrsg). Die Ösophagusvarizenblutung. Hameln: TM-Verlag; 1984: 105-11.
  • 95 Olbert F, Denck H, Schlegl A. Therapie der Ösophagusvarizenblutung durch perkutane transhepatische Sklerosierung. In: Akovbiantz A, Denck H, Paquet K J, Zöckler C E. (Hrsg). Chirurgische Gastroenterologie mit interdisziplinären Gesprächen. Hameln: TM-Verlag; 1985: 89-95.
  • 96 Olbert F, Muzika N, Denck H. Regional chemotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors. Lectures and Symposia 14th Int. Cancer Congress, Budapest. 1986 Vol 6. 243-50.
  • 97 Olbert F, Neumann I, Schlegl A, Denck H. Ein neues Behandlungskonzept bei blutenden Ösophagusvarizen - Technik, Indikation und Ergebnisse der transhepatischen und usuellen Varizensklerosierung. In: Loose K E, Loose D A. (Hrsg). Internationales angiologisches und angiographisches Seminar Baden-Baden 14.-18.3. Baden-Baden: Witzstrock; 1980: 107-14.
  • 98 Ono J, Katsuki T, Kodama Y. Combined therapy for esophageal varices: sclerotherapy, embolization, and splenopneumopexy. Surgery 1987; 101: 535-43.
  • 99 O’Riordan D, McAllister H, Sheahan B J, MacErlean D P. Hepatic infarction with absolute alcohol. Radiology 1984; 152: 627-30.
  • 100 Patt Y Z, Mavligit G M, Chuang V P, Wallace S, Johnston S, Benjamin R S, Valdivieso M, Hersh E M. Percutaneous hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of mitomycin C and Floxuridine (FUDR): an effective treatment for metastatic colorectal carcinoma in the liver. Cancer 1980; 46: 261-5.
  • 101 Patt Y Z, Wallace S, Freireich E J, Chuang V P, Hersh E M, Mavligit G M. The palliative role of hepatic arterial infusion and arterial occlusion in colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Lancet 1981; 14: 349-50.
  • 102 Pueyo I, Jimènez J R, Hernandez J. et al. Carcinoid syndrome treated by hepatic embolization. Am J Roentgenol 1978; 131: 55-8.
  • 103 Raoul J R, Bourguet P, Bretagne J-F, Duvauferrier R, Coorneart S, Darnault P, Ramée A, Herry J-Y, Gastard J. Hepatic artery injection of 131-labeled Lipiodol, Part 1 + 2. Radiology 1988; 168: 541-5.
  • 104 Rappaport A H, Burleson R L. Survival of patients with systemic fluorouracil for hepatic métastasés. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1970; 130: 773-7.
  • 105 Rassweiler J, Kauffmann G W, Rohrbach R, Richter G. Kapilläre Embolisation, Teil I und II. Fortschr Röntgenstr 1980; 133: 644-53 1981; 135: 85-97.
  • 106 Richardson A, Simmons K, Gutmann J, Little J M. Hepatic haemobilia: non-operative management in eight cases. Aust NZ J Surg 1985; 55: 447-51.
  • 107 Richling B. Homologous controlled-viscosity fibrin for endovascular embolization, Part I and II. Acta Neurochirurgica 1982; 62: 159-70 64: 109-24.
  • 108 Rosch J, Putnam J S, Keller F S. Diagnosis and management of hemobilia. Semin Intervent Radiol 1988; 05: 49-60.
  • 109 Ruff R J, Chuang V P, Alspaugh J P, Casarella W J, Tuten T U, Gaylord G M. Percutaneous vascular intervention after surgical shunting for portal hypertension. Radiology 1987; 164: 469-74.
  • 110 Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Kasugai H, Fujita M, Kawamoto S, Ishiguro S, Kojima J, Ishikawa O, Ohigashi H, Furukawa H. et al. A new approach to chemoembolization therapy for hepatoma using ethiodized oil, cisplatin, and gelatin sponge. Cancer 1987; 60: 1194-203.
  • 111 Sato Y, Fujiwara K, Furui S. et al. Benefit of transcatheter arterial embolization for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma complicating liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 157-9.
  • 112 Schultheis K H. Embolisation - Chemoembolisation. Beitr Onkol 1985; 21: 201-4.
  • 113 Schultheis K H, Link K H, Aigner K R, Helling J, Hunold J, Schumacher F. Chemoembolisation and adjuvant chemotherapy in nonresectable liver tumors. 3rd European Conference on Clinical Oncology and Cancer Nursing. 1985: 152.
  • 114 Seifart W, Waigand J, Booss H J, Slisow W, Uhlig F. Chemoembolisation der A. hepatica kombiniert mit intraportaler Zytostatikum-Infusion - ein neues Konzept für die regionale Chemotherapie von Lebermetastasen. Arch Geschwulstforsch 1986; 56: 445-50.
  • 115 Shimamura Y, Gunven P, Takenaka Y, Shimizu H, Shima Y, Akimoto H, Arima K, Takahashi A, Kitaya T, Matsuyama T. et al. Combined peripheral and central chemoembolization of liver tumors. Experience with lipiodol-doxorubicin and gelatin sponge (L-TAE). Cancer 1988; 61: 238-42.
  • 116 Shulman R J, Homes R, Ferry G D, Finegold M. Splanchnic bed vascular malformations and the development of portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1986; 21: 355-7.
  • 117 Soo C h-S, Chuang V P, Wallace S, Charnsangavej C h, Carrasco H. Treatment of hepatic neoplasm through extrahepatic collaterals. Radiology 1983; 147: 45-9.
  • 118 Spigos D G, Tauber J W, Tan W S. et al. Work in progress: umbilical venous cannulation : a new approach for embolization of esophageal varices. Radiology 1983; 146: 53-6.
  • 119 Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Muramatsu Y, Suzuki M, Ishikawa T, Ushio K, Matsue H, Sasagawa M, Yamada T. Splenic infarction, a complication of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization for liver malignancies. Radiology 1984; 151: 371-5.
  • 120 Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Moriyama N. et al. Infarction of the ileum and the adrenal gland following therapeutic embolisation for hepatic malignancies. Report of two cases. J Intervent Radiol 1988; 03: 37-40.
  • 121 Takayasu K, Shima Y, Muramatsu Y, Moriyama N, Yamada T, Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, Hirohashi S. Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with intraarterial iodized oil with and without chemotherapeutic agents. Radiology 1987; 162: 345-51.
  • 122 Triller J, Schröder R. Perkutane intraarterielle Infusion und Embolisation von Lebermetastasen kolorektaler Karzinome. Fortschr Röntgenstr 1985; 143: 307-15.
  • 123 Uflacker R. Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices using absolute alcohol. Radiology 1983; 146: 621-5.
  • 124 Uflacker R, Paolini R M, Nobrega M. Ablation of tumor and inflammatory tissue with absolute ethanol. Acta Radiol/Ser Diagn 1986; 27: 131-8.
  • 125 Venook A, Chase J, Ring E, Stagg R, Maroney T, Lewis B, Hohn D. Gelfoam chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1988; 07: A377
  • 126 Vinel J P, Scotto J M, Levade M, Teisseire R, Cassigneul J, Cales P, Voigt J J, Pascal J P. Embolisation des varices oesophagiennes par voie transjugulaire dans les hémorragies digestive graves du cirrhotique. Etude prospective de 83 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1985; 09: 814-8.
  • 127 Vinters H V, Galil K A, Lundie M J, Kaufmann J C E. The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates. Neuroradiology 1985; 27: 279-91.
  • 128 Voigt H, Löffler T. Angioocclusive chemotherapy in melanoma: rational and technical considerations. Anticancer Res 1987; 07: 443-4.
  • 129 Wagner W H, Lundell C J, Donovan A J. Percutaneous angiographic embolization for hepatic arterial hemorrhage. Arch Surg 1985; 120: 1241-9.
  • 130 Wallace S. Transcatheter management of neoplasms. Carle Sci Pap 1985; 37: 27-38.
  • 131 Wallace S, Charnsangavej C, Carrasco C H, Bechtel W. Ethanol for hepatic artery embolization. Radiology 1984; 152: 821-2.
  • 132 Wallace S, Chuang V P. The radiologic diagnosis and management of hepatic métastasés. Radiologe 1982; 22: 56-64.
  • 133 Watanabe A, Yamamoto H, Ito T, Nagashima H. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepato Gastroenterol 1986; 33: 52-5.
  • 134 Widrich W C, Srinivasan M, Johnson W C. et al. Transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices : analysis of results in 190 patients. Semin Intervent Radiol 1988; 05: 76-84.
  • 135 Wright P D, Loose H W, Carter R F, James O F W. Two-year experience of management of bleeding esophageal varices with a coordinated treatment program based on injection sclerotherapy. Surgery 1986; 99: 604-9.
  • 136 Yamada R, Sato M, Kawabata M, Nakatsuka H, Nakamura K, Takashima S. Hepatic artery embolization in 120 patients with unresectable hepatoma. Radiology 1983; 148: 397-401.
  • 137 Yamashita Y, Takahashi M, Fujimara N, Kan M. Clinical evaluation of hepatic artery embolization: comparison between gelfoam and lipiodol with anticancer agent. Radiat Med 1987; 05: 61-7.
  • 138 Yamashita Y, Takahashi M, Fukushima S. et al. Experimental study of hepatic artery embolization: evaluation of various embolic materials. Radiat Med 1987; 05: 75-82.
  • 139 Yang K C, Chiang H J, Wong H Y. The significance of cystic artery occlusion and abnormal cholecystosonography induced by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatoma. Dig Dis Sci. 1986 New Series 31, Suppl : 119 (Meeting abstr).
  • 140 Yoshikawa C, Shimojo N, Naka K, Akai T, Okuda K, Kaminou T, Yamada T, Nakatsuka H. Changes in serum enzyme activity after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatic neoplasm. Clin Biochem 1987; 20: 435-40.
  • 141 Yune H Y, O’Connor K W, Klatte E C, Olson E W, Becker G J, Strickler S A. Ethanol thrombotherapy of esophageal varices: further experience. Am J Roentgenol 1985; 144: 1049-53.