Download PDF
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2018; 22(04): 398-412
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661345
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Postoperative Meniscus: Anatomical, Operative, and Imaging Considerations

Andrew C. Cordle
1   Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
,
Don D. Williams
1   Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
,
Carol L. Andrews
1   Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 August 2018 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Meniscal surgery is commonplace. Patients who have had prior surgery may return for additional imaging for continued or new pain, limited range of motion, or interval injury. Accurate interpretation of postoperative imaging requires a clear understanding of the normal meniscal anatomy and biomechanics. Surgical goals and current surgical techniques impact the imaging appearance. These techniques are reviewed in the context of the various meniscal tear patterns. Multiple imaging modalities may be used in patient assessment with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging providing key information regarding the integrity of the meniscal repair. Imagers need to be aware of the key findings for a normal versus pathologic appearance to the postoperative meniscus as well as other potential MR findings that may account for patient presentation.

Keywords

postoperative meniscus - partial meniscectomy - meniscal repair - magnetic resonance imaging - magnetic resonance arthrography
 

  • References

  • 1 Cullen KA, Hall MJ, Golosinskiy A. Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006. Natl Health Stat Rep 2009; 11 (11) 1-25
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 McDermott ID, Amis AA. The consequences of meniscectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006; 88 (12) 1549-1556
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A. , et al; Finnish Degenerative Meniscal Lesion Study (FIDELITY) Group. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear. N Engl J Med 2013; 369 (26) 2515-2524
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Sutton JB. Ligaments. Their Nature and Morphology. London, England: M.K. Lewis; 1897
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 5 Petrosini AV, Sherman OH. A historical perspective on meniscal repair. Clin Sports Med 1996; 15 (03) 445-453
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Shybut T, Strauss EJ. Surgical management of meniscal tears. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2011; 69 (01) 56-62
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Fairbank TJ. Knee joint changes after meniscectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1948; 30B (04) 664-670
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Rangger C, Kathrein A, Klestil T, Glötzer W. Partial meniscectomy and osteoarthritis. Implications for treatment of athletes. Sports Med 1997; 23 (01) 61-68
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Radin EL, de Lamotte F, Maquet P. Role of the menisci in the distribution of stress in the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1984; (185) 290-294
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Hoshino A, Wallace WA. Impact-absorbing properties of the human knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1987; 69 (05) 807-811
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Villegas DF, Hansen TA, Liu DF, Donahue TL. A quantitative study of the microstructure and biochemistry of the medial meniscal horn attachments. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36 (01) 123-131
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Rath E, Richmond JC. The menisci: basic science and advances in treatment. Br J Sports Med 2000; 34 (04) 252-257
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Sanders TG, Miller MD. A systematic approach to magnetic resonance imaging interpretation of sports medicine injuries of the knee. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33 (01) 131-148
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Zivanović S. Menisco-meniscal ligaments of the human knee joint. Anat Anz 1974; 135 (1-2): 35-42
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Hassine D, Feron JM, Henry-Feugeas MC, Schouman-Claeys E, Guérin Surville H, Frija G. The meniscofemoral ligaments: magnetic resonance imaging and anatomic correlations. Surg Radiol Anat 1992; 14 (01) 59-63
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Thompson WO, Thaete FL, Fu FH, Dye SF. Tibial meniscal dynamics using three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images. Am J Sports Med 1991; 19 (03) 210-215 ; discussion 215–216
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Fox AJ, Wanivenhaus F, Burge AJ, Warren RF, Rodeo SA. The human meniscus: a review of anatomy, function, injury, and advances in treatment. Clin Anat 2015; 28 (02) 269-287
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Greis PE, Bardana DD, Holmstrom MC, Burks RT. Meniscal injury: I. Basic science and evaluation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2002; 10 (03) 168-176
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 De Maeseneer M, Shahabpour M, Vanderdood K, Van Roy F, Osteaux M. Medial meniscocapsular separation: MR imaging criteria and diagnostic pitfalls. Eur J Radiol 2002; 41 (03) 242-252
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Lee SY, Jee WH, Kim JM. Radial tear of the medial meniscal root: reliability and accuracy of MRI for diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 191 (01) 81-85
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Rao AJ, Erickson BJ, Cvetanovich GL, Yanke AB, Bach Jr BR, Cole BJ. The meniscus-deficient knee: Biomechanics, evaluation, and treatment options. Orthop J Sports Med 2015; 3 (10) 2325967115611386
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Walker PS, Arno S, Bell C, Salvadore G, Borukhov I, Oh C. Function of the medial meniscus in force transmission and stability. J Biomech 2015; 48 (08) 1383-1388
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Messner K, Gao J. The menisci of the knee joint. Anatomical and functional characteristics, and a rationale for clinical treatment. J Anat 1998; 193 (Pt 2): 161-178
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Shrive NG, O'Connor JJ, Goodfellow JW. Load-bearing in the knee joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1978; (131) 279-287
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Baratz ME, Fu FH, Mengato R. Meniscal tears: the effect of meniscectomy and of repair on intraarticular contact areas and stress in the human knee. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med 1986; 14 (04) 270-275
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Ghadially FN, Lalonde JM, Wedge JH. Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint. J Anat 1983; 136 (Pt 4): 773-791
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Clark CR, Ogden JA. Development of the menisci of the human knee joint. Morphological changes and their potential role in childhood meniscal injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983; 65 (04) 538-547
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA. The basic science of human knee menisci: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health 2012; 4 (04) 340-351
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Cheung HS. Distribution of type I, II, III and V in the pepsin solubilized collagens in bovine menisci. Connect Tissue Res 1987; 16 (04) 343-356
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Voloshin AS, Wosk J. Shock absorption of meniscectomized and painful knees: a comparative in vivo study. J Biomed Eng 1983; 5 (02) 157-161
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Day B, Mackenzie WG, Shim SS, Leung G. The vascular and nerve supply of the human meniscus. Arthroscopy 1985; 1 (01) 58-62
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Arnoczky SP, Warren RF. Microvasculature of the human meniscus. Am J Sports Med 1982; 10 (02) 90-95
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Mine T, Kimura M, Sakka A, Kawai S. Innervation of nociceptors in the menisci of the knee joint: an immunohistochemical study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2000; 120 (3–4): 201-204
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Zimny ML, Albright DJ, Dabezies E. Mechanoreceptors in the human medial meniscus. Acta Anat (Basel) 1988; 133 (01) 35-40
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Reider B, Arcand MA, Diehl LH. , et al. Proprioception of the knee before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (01) 2-12
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Cooper DE, Arnoczky SP, Warren RF. Meniscal repair. Clin Sports Med 1991; 10 (03) 529-548
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Anderson AF, Irrgang JJ, Dunn W. , et al. Interobserver reliability of the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) classification of meniscal tears. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39 (05) 926-932
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Kinsella SD, Carey JL. Complications in brief: arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471 (05) 1427-1432
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Vaquero J, Forriol F. Meniscus tear surgery and meniscus replacement. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 6 (01) 71-89
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Mordecai SC, Al-Hadithy N, Ware HE, Gupte CM. Treatment of meniscal tears: an evidence based approach. World J Orthop 2014; 5 (03) 233-241
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Jeong HJ, Lee SH, Ko CS. Meniscectomy. Knee Surg Relat Res 2012; 24 (03) 129-136
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Viala P, Marchand P, Lecouvet F, Cyteval C, Beregi JP, Larbi A. Imaging of the postoperative knee. Diagn Interv Imaging 2016; 97 (7-8): 823-837
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Arnoczky SP, Warren RF, Kaplan N. Meniscal remodeling following partial meniscectomy—an experimental study in the dog. Arthroscopy 1985; 1 (04) 247-252
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Newman AP, Daniels AU, Burks RT. Principles and decision making in meniscal surgery. Arthroscopy 1993; 9 (01) 33-51
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Noyes FR, Heckmann TP, Barber-Westin SD. Meniscus repair and transplantation: a comprehensive update. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42 (03) 274-290
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Scott GA, Jolly BL, Henning CE. Combined posterior incision and arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the meniscus. An examination of factors affecting healing. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1986; 68 (06) 847-861
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Henning CE, Clark JR, Lynch MA, Stallbaumer R, Yearout KM, Vequist SW. Arthroscopic meniscus repair with a posterior incision. Instr Course Lect 1988; 37: 209-221
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Henning CE, Lynch MA, Yearout KM, Vequist SW, Stallbaumer RJ, Decker KA. Arthroscopic meniscal repair using an exogenous fibrin clot. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990; (252) 64-72
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Cannon Jr WD. Arthroscopic meniscal repair. Inside-out technique and results. Am J Knee Surg 1996; 9 (03) 137-143
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Maffulli N, Longo UG, Campi S, Denaro V. Meniscal tears. Open Access J Sports Med 2010; 1: 45-54
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Warren RF. Arthroscopic meniscus repair. Arthroscopy 1985; 1 (03) 170-172
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Yoon KH, Park KH. Meniscal repair. Knee Surg Relat Res 2014; 26 (02) 68-76
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Paxton ES, Stock MV, Brophy RH. Meniscal repair versus partial meniscectomy: a systematic review comparing reoperation rates and clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy 2011; 27 (09) 1275-1288
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Jarit GJ, Bosco III JA. Meniscal repair and reconstruction. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2010; 68 (02) 84-90
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 55 Laible C, Stein DA, Kiridly DN. Meniscal repair. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2013; 21 (04) 204-213
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 Aros BC, Pedroza A, Vasileff WK, Litsky AS, Flanigan DC. Mechanical comparison of meniscal repair devices with mattress suture devices in vitro. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010; 18 (11) 1594-1598
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 Gunes T, Bostan B, Erdem M, Asci M, Sen C, Kelestemur MH. Biomechanical evaluation of arthroscopic all-inside meniscus repairs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009; 17 (11) 1347-1353
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 58 Woodmass JM, LaPrade RF, Sgaglione NA, Nakamura N, Krych AJ. Meniscal repair: reconsidering indications, techniques, and biologic augmentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99 (14) 1222-1231
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 Fillingham YA, Riboh JC, Erickson BJ, Bach Jr BR, Yanke AB. Inside-out versus all-inside repair of isolated meniscal tears: an updated systematic review. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45 (01) 234-242
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 60 Samy TM, Nassar WAM, Zakaria ZM, Farrag Abdelaziz AK. Medial meniscus posterior root tear repair using a 2-simple-suture pullout technique. Arthrosc Tech 2017; 6 (03) e579-e583
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 61 Vyas D, Harner CD. Meniscus root repair. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2012; 20 (02) 86-94
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 62 Woodmass JM, Mohan R, Stuart MJ, Krych AJ. Medial meniscus posterior root repair using a transtibial technique. Arthrosc Tech 2017; 6 (03) e511-e516
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 63 Hechtman KS, Uribe JW. Cystic hematoma formation following use of a biodegradable arrow for meniscal repair. Arthroscopy 1999; 15 (02) 207-210
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 64 Arnoczky SP, Warren RF. The microvasculature of the meniscus and its response to injury. An experimental study in the dog. Am J Sports Med 1983; 11 (03) 131-141
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 65 Cannon Jr WD, Vittori JM. The incidence of healing in arthroscopic meniscal repairs in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees versus stable knees. Am J Sports Med 1992; 20 (02) 176-181
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 66 Moulton SG, Bhatia S, Civitarese DM, Frank RM, Dean CS, LaPrade RF. Surgical techniques and outcomes of repairing meniscal radial tears: a systematic review. Arthroscopy 2016; 32 (09) 1919-1925
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 67 Harper KW, Helms CA, Lambert III HS, Higgins LD. Radial meniscal tears: significance, incidence, and MR appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 185 (06) 1429-1434
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 68 McDermott I. Meniscal tears, repairs and replacement: their relevance to osteoarthritis of the knee. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45 (04) 292-297
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 69 LaPrade CM, Jansson KS, Dornan G, Smith SD, Wijdicks CA, LaPrade RF. Altered tibiofemoral contact mechanics due to lateral meniscus posterior horn root avulsions and radial tears can be restored with in situ pull-out suture repairs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96 (06) 471-479
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 70 Stein T, Mehling AP, Welsch F, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Jäger A. Long-term outcome after arthroscopic meniscal repair versus arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for traumatic meniscal tears. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38 (08) 1542-1548
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 71 Harner CD, Mauro CS, Lesniak BP, Romanowski JR. Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91 (Suppl. 02) 257-270
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 72 Allaire R, Muriuki M, Gilbertson L, Harner CD. Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus. Similar to total meniscectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90 (09) 1922-1931
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 73 Shybut TB, Vega CE, Haddad J. , et al. Effect of lateral meniscal root tear on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43 (04) 905-911
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 74 Choi JY, Chang EY, Cunha GM, Tafur M, Statum S, Chung CB. Posterior medial meniscus root ligament lesions: MRI classification and associated findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 203 (06) 1286-1292
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 75 De Smet AA, Blankenbaker DG, Kijowski R, Graf BK, Shinki K. MR diagnosis of posterior root tears of the lateral meniscus using arthroscopy as the reference standard. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 192 (02) 480-486
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 76 Moon HK, Koh YG, Kim YC, Park YS, Jo SB, Kwon SK. Prognostic factors of arthroscopic pull-out repair for a posterior root tear of the medial meniscus. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40 (05) 1138-1143
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 77 Palisch AR, Winters RR, Willis MH, Bray CD, Shybut TB. Posterior root meniscal tears: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative imaging for transtibial pullout repair. Radiographics 2016; 36 (06) 1792-1806
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 78 Beaufils P, Becker R, Kopf S. , et al. Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions: The 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus. Joints 2017; 5 (02) 59-69
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 79 Koh JL, Yi SJ, Ren Y, Zimmerman TA, Zhang LQ. Tibiofemoral contact mechanics with horizontal cleavage tear and resection of the medial meniscus in the human knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98 (21) 1829-1836
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 80 Beaufils P, Becker R, Kopf S, Matthieu O, Pujol N. The knee meniscus: management of traumatic tears and degenerative lesions. EFORT Open Rev 2017; 2 (05) 195-203
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 81 Katz JN, Brophy RH, Chaisson CE. , et al. Surgery versus physical therapy for a meniscal tear and osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (18) 1675-1684
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 82 Tornbjerg SM, Nissen N, Englund M. , et al. Structural pathology is not related to patient-reported pain and function in patients undergoing meniscal surgery. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51 (06) 525-530
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 83 Haemer JM, Wang MJ, Carter DR, Giori NJ. Benefit of single-leaf resection for horizontal meniscus tear. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 457 (457) 194-202
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 84 Beaufils P, Pujol N. Management of traumatic meniscal tear and degenerative meniscal lesions. Save the meniscus. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103 (8S): S237-S244
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 85 Lefevre N, Naouri JF, Herman S, Gerometta A, Klouche S, Bohu Y. A current review of the meniscus imaging: proposition of a useful tool for its radiologic analysis. Radiol Res Pract 2016; 2016: 8329296
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 86 Shetty AA, Tindall AJ, James KD, Relwani J, Fernando KW. Accuracy of hand-held ultrasound scanning in detecting meniscal tears. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008; 90 (08) 1045-1048
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 87 White LM, Schweitzer ME, Weishaupt D, Kramer J, Davis A, Marks PH. Diagnosis of recurrent meniscal tears: prospective evaluation of conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and direct MR arthrography. Radiology 2002; 222 (02) 421-429
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 88 De Filippo M, Bertellini A, Pogliacomi F. , et al. Multidetector computed tomography arthrography of the knee: diagnostic accuracy and indications. Eur J Radiol 2009; 70 (02) 342-351
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 89 Fox MG, Graham JA, Skelton BW. , et al. Prospective evaluation of agreement and accuracy in the diagnosis of meniscal tears: MR arthrography a short time after injection versus CT arthrography after a moderate delay. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207 (01) 142-149
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 90 De Smet AA, Tuite MJ. Use of the “two-slice-touch” rule for the MRI diagnosis of meniscal tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (04) 911-914
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 91 Deutsch AL, Mink JH, Fox JM. , et al. Peripheral meniscal tears: MR findings after conservative treatment or arthroscopic repair. Radiology 1990; 176 (02) 485-488
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 92 Russo A, Capasso R, Varelli C. , et al. MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative meniscus. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101 (Suppl. 01) 37-42
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 93 De Smet AA, Horak DM, Davis KW, Choi JJ. Intensity of signal contacting meniscal surface in recurrent tears on MR arthrography compared with that of contrast material. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187 (06) W565-W568
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 94 Muellner T, Egkher A, Nikolic A, Funovics M, Metz V. Open meniscal repair: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings after twelve years. Am J Sports Med 1999; 27 (01) 16-20
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 95 Magee T. Accuracy of 3-Tesla MR and MR arthrography in diagnosis of meniscal retear in the post-operative knee. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43 (08) 1057-1064
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 96 Kumar A, Malhan K, Roberts SN. Chondral injury from bioabsorbable screws after meniscal repair. Arthroscopy 2001; 17 (08) 34
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 97 Menche DS, Phillips GI, Pitman MI, Steiner GC. Inflammatory foreign-body reaction to an arthroscopic bioabsorbable meniscal arrow repair. Arthroscopy 1999; 15 (07) 770-772
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 98 Song EK, Lee KB, Yoon TR. Aseptic synovitis after meniscal repair using the biodegradable meniscus arrow. Arthroscopy 2001; 17 (01) 77-80
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 99 Rangger C, Klestil T, Gloetzer W, Kemmler G, Benedetto KP. Osteoarthritis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Am J Sports Med 1995; 23 (02) 240-244
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 100 Heir S, Nerhus TK, Røtterud JH. , et al. Focal cartilage defects in the knee impair quality of life as much as severe osteoarthritis: a comparison of knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score in 4 patient categories scheduled for knee surgery. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38 (02) 231-237
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 101 Gillquist J, Hagberg G, Oretorp N. Arthroscopic examination of the posteromedial compartment of the knee joint. Int Orthop 1979; 3 (01) 13-18
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar