The Impact of Sperm and Egg Donation on the Risk of Pregnancy Complications

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate obstetric outcomes in relation to the extent of donor sperm exposure with and without egg donation.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary care center. All women with a singleton pregnancy who conceived following sperm donation (SD) were included. Obstetrics and neonatal outcomes for pregnancies following single SD were compared with pregnancies following repeat SD from the same donor. In a secondary analysis, we compared pregnancy outcomes among three modes of assisted reproductive technology (intrauterine insemination [IUI-SD], in vitro fertilization [IVF-SD], and IVF sperm + egg donation [IVF-SD + ED]).

Results A total of 706 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria, 243 (34.4%) following the first SD and 463 (65.6%) following repeat donations. Compared with repeat SDs, single donation was not associated with higher rates of preterm delivery (12.8 vs. 12.7%, respectively, p = 0.99), preeclampsia (7.0 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.999), and intrauterine growth restriction (4.1 vs. 3.9%, p = 0.88). Pregnancies following IVF-SD + ED had increased risk for preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–6.6), preterm labor (AOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.4), and cesarean section (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0–4.3) compared with IUI-SD and IVF-SD.

Conclusion The extent of donor sperm exposure did not correlate with obstetrics complications, but double gamete donation was associated with increased risk for preeclampsia, preterm labor, and cesarean section.

Keywords

sperm donation - intrauterine insemination - prenatal - egg donation

Note

This study was presented as a poster presentation at the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine 38th Annual meeting, January 27–Febuary 3, 2018, Dallas, TX.

^* Micha Baum and Eyal Schiff are co-senior authors of the study.

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