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Semin Thromb Hemost 2018; 44(08): 747-755
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667115
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Prothrombotic State Induced by Middle-Distance Endurance Exercise in Middle-Aged Athletes

Giuseppe Lippi   *
1   Section of Clinical Biochemistry; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Gian Luca Salvagno   *
1   Section of Clinical Biochemistry; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Cantor Tarperi   *
2   School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Matteo Gelati
1   Section of Clinical Biochemistry; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Martina Montagnana
1   Section of Clinical Biochemistry; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Elisa Danese
1   Section of Clinical Biochemistry; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Luca Festa
2   School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
,
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
3   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
4   Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
,
Emmanuel J. Favaloro   #
5   Department of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology, Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW Australia
,
Federico Schena   #
2   School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 August 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Since the impact of possible prothrombotic factors on blood coagulation resulting from exercise remains elusive, this study investigated the acute effects of middle-distance endurance running on blood coagulation parameters in middle-aged athletes. The study population consisted of 33 male endurance runners who were engaged in a 21.1 km run under competitive conditions. Blood samples were collected before the run, immediately after the run, and 3 hours after run completion. Samples were assessed for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), endogenous thrombin potential (area under the curve of thrombin generation [TGA-AUC]), and peak thrombin generation (TGA-PK). Post-run variations were expressed as delta (Δ). At baseline, APTT was found to be significantly associated with ABO blood group, VWF:Ag, and FVIII; fibrinogen with age; VWF:Ag with BMI, training regimen, and ABO blood group; APTT with FVIII; FVIII with VWF:Ag and ABO blood group; APTT with VWF:Ag; and TGA-PK with ABO blood group, PT, and TGA-AUC. Immediately after the run, statistically significant increases were observed for PT, D-dimer, VWF:Ag, and FVIII, while statistically significant reductions could be observed for APTT, TGA-AUC, and TGA-PK. Fibrinogen values remained unchanged. Significant correlations were observed between Δ VWF:Ag and Δ FVIII, Δ APTT and Δ VWF:Ag, Δ APTT and Δ FVIII, Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK, and between Δ D-dimer and Δ TGA-AUC and Δ TGA-PK. No Δ variation was associated with running time. The results of this study seemingly suggest that middle-distance competitive running may evoke several prothrombotic changes in blood coagulation.

Keywords

blood coagulation - hemostasis - thrombin generation - physical activity

* These authors contributed equally to this work.


# These authors have equal senior authorship on this work.