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Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2018; 31(06): 328-335
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668102
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia from a Pathologists Point of View

Keegan M. Lyons
1   Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
,
Samantha L. Butler
1   Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
02 November 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a relatively rare diagnosis, but its incidence has continued to rise. Anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), are human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous neoplasias. High-risk HPV subtypes cause cellular proliferation in the anal transformation zone mucosa leading to similar dysplastic changes as seen in the cervix. Unified cytologic and histologic classification systems have emerged for all HPV-associated squamous lesions of the lower anogenital tract due to recent advancements in the understanding of these lesions. P16 immunohistochemical stain, a biomarker for HPV, is recommended in the diagnosis of HPV-associated lesions. The unity of terminology will aid in communication between pathologists and clinicians, ultimately leading to improved patient care.

Keywords

anal intraepithelial neoplasia - human papillomavirus - lower anogenital squamous terminology - LAST standardization project
 

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