Electroencephalography Findings in Autoimmune and Neuroinflammation-Related Epilepsies

Jeong-A Kim; Dara V.F. Albert; Amanda R.B. Weber

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1668592

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy, Table of Contents

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 2018; 07(02): 052-062
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668592

Review Article

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Electroencephalography Findings in Autoimmune and Neuroinflammation-Related Epilepsies

Authors

Jeong-A Kim

¹Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States

²Carman and Ann Adams Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Dara V.F. Albert

³Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

⁴Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
Amanda R.B. Weber

¹Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States

²Carman and Ann Adams Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States

Abstract

Autoimmune epilepsy occurs in association with localized central nervous system or systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Traditional anticonvulsant medications are frequently ineffective, and alternative approaches including immunomodulatory agents may be required. Identification of patients with autoimmune epilepsy may be challenging due to the variability of presentation and normal or nonspecific diagnostic results. Electroencephalography (EEG) features tend to include patterns of encephalopathy, generalized or focal interictal epileptiform abnormalities, or status epilepticus. Occasionally, specific EEG features may lend insight into the diagnosis. In this review article, we discuss EEG features of several suspected or proven immune-mediated pediatric epilepsies, including Rasmussen's encephalitis, idiopathic hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome, febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome, epilepsies associated with autoantibodies to neuronal surface or intracellular antigens, and other systemic autoimmune diseases.

Keywords

electroencephalography - autoimmune epilepsy - pediatrics

Full Text

References

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