Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673710
Homeopathy in Public Health in India
Publication History
26 June 2018
05 September 2018
Publication Date:
08 February 2019 (online)
Abstract
Background Based on a pluralistic approach to health care, India offers a range of medical treatment modalities to its population. In that context, the government of India aims at providing its people with wider access to homeopathy. This article provides insight into the infrastructural support put in place by the government to meet that aim.
Data and Methods A literature review was carried out of recent surveys and articles to assess the morbidity trends in India and the treatment modalities being sought by patients. Extensive attempts were made to identify and access all data sources that could contribute to understanding the situation of homeopathy in public health in India. These efforts included analysis of secondary data about government wellness centres, as also a case study of one such centre.
Results In India, homeopathy is well represented in public health, being a close second among the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) services. Homeopathy wellness centres comprise 31% of the total for AYUSH. Seven out of 10 diseases recognised as a national health burden are in the category of most commonly reported diseases at the homeopathy wellness centres. Academic homeopathy institutes comprise 35.8% of AYUSH colleges, the total student intakes of which are 13,658 and 32,256 respectively. Homeopathy practitioners are 37% of the AYUSH total. Homeopathy units comprise 1/19th of the number of allopathy units, yet the annual patient footfall in the former is 1/5th of the latter.
Conclusion Homeopathy services, wherever available, are being used fully and thus sharing the patient load in the government-run wellness centres. There is the potential for more homeopathic practitioners to contribute importantly to health care delivery in India.
Keywords
public health - homeopathy - Government of India - homeopathy wellness centres - Central Government Health Scheme - morbidity - education - costsHighlights
• Homeopathy is well accepted and popular in India.
• The government of India promotes its usage through co-location of homeopathy facilities in its wellness centres.
• Homeopathy is contributing substantially to Indian health care delivery.
• In one centre, the functioning cost of a homeopathy unit was one-eightieth that of an allopathy unit.
• Homeopathic practitioners are an important resource in sustaining community health development in India.
-
References
- 1 Ong A, Kindhauser M, Smith I, Chan M. Global health agenda for the twenty-first century; SECTION 12 Public health functions. In: Detels R, Beaglehole R, Lansang MA, Gulliford M. , eds. Oxford Textbook of Public Health. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2011: 1713-1729
- 2 Fullman N, Yearwood J, Abay SM. , et al; GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2016; 391: 2236-2271
- 3 Ballal S. The paradox that is Indian healthcare. Business Line. The Hindu. Published on July 31, 2014. Available at: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/The-paradox-that-is-Indian-healthcare/article20832608.ece . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 4 Samal J, Dehury RK. Can the AYUSH system be instrumental in achieving universal health coverage in India?. Indian J Med Ethics 2018; 3: 61-65
- 5 National Health Systems Resource Centre. National Health Accounts Estimates for India (2014-15). New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2017
- 6 World Health Organization – south-east Asia. Health Financing Profile India 2017. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259642/HFP-IND.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 7 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Government of India, National Health Policy 2017. Available at: http://cdsco.nic.in/writereaddata/National-Health-Policy.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 8 Deloitte; global health care sector outlook 2016. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Life-Sciences-Health-Care/gx-lshc-2016-health-care-outlook-infographic.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 9 India's unique healthcare challenges need collaborative approach: NATHEALTH. Available at: https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/indias-unique-healthcare-challenges-need-collaborative-approach-nathealth/62223590 . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 10 Rudra S, Kalra A, Kumar A, Joe W. Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0176916
- 11 Government of India, Planning Commission, Working Group on. “Access to Health Systems including AYUSH” 2006. Available at: http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_hayush.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 12 Manchanda R, Koley M, Saha S. , et al. Patients' Preference for Integrating Homoeopathy Services within the Secondary Health Care Settings in India: The Part 3 (PPIH-3) Study. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22: 251-259
- 13 Priya R, Shweta AS. Status and Role of AYUSH and Local Health Traditions under the National Rural Health Mission: A Health Systems Study across 18 States. New Delhi: National Health Systems Resource Centre, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2010
- 14 Zhang Q. Traditional and Complementary Medicine in Primary Health Care. Health for All – The Journey to Universal Health Coverage. Centre for Global Health Histories. York, England: The University of York; 2015: 93
- 15 Rao M, Pilot E. The missing link – the role of primary care in global health. Glob Health Action 2014; 7: 23693
- 16 Sarwal R. Reforming Central Government Health Scheme into a ‘Universal Health Coverage’ model. Natl Med J India 2015; 28: 1-9
- 17 Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Directorate General of Health Services. National Health Profile 2017. Available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/NHP_2017-1.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 18 Ministry of AYUSH. Government of India. [Internet] AYUSH in India 2017. Available at: http://ayush.gov.in/tenders-vacancies-and-announcements/ayush-india . Accessed July 14, 2018
- 19 Ministry of AYUSH. Government of India. Annual Report. [Internet] Available at: http://ayush.gov.in/tenders-vacancies-and-announcements/annual-report. Accessed July 24, 2018
- 20 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India. Annual Report. 2015–16. Available at: https://mohfw.gov.in/documents/publications . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 21 Healthcare in India. Keys trends, challenges and innovation landscape. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8LZQyAjGHV2aVk3QkNnUHg3UTA/view . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 22 Ministry of AYUSH. AYUSH in India; Versions 2007, 2012, 2017. Available at: http://ayush.gov.in/ . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 23 Department of Health and Family Welfare. 2016-17. Annual Report. Chapter 18. Health budget and Expenditure. Available at: https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/18201617.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 24 Manchanda RK, Kaur H. Medical Pluralism in Health Care–Experience from New Delhi. In: Robert Jütte. , ed. Medical pluralism: past, present, future. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag; 2013: 189-194
- 25 Witt CM, Lüdtke R, Mengler N, Willich SN. How healthy are chronically ill patients after eight years of homeopathic treatment?--Results from a long term observational study. BMC Public Health 2008; 8: 413
- 26 Rossignol M, Begaud B, Engel P. , et al; EPI3-LA-SER group. Impact of physician preferences for homeopathic or conventional medicines on patients with musculoskeletal disorders: results from the EPI3-MSD cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012; 21: 1093-1101
- 27 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Bégaud B, Rossignol M. , et al. Management of upper respiratory tract infections by different medical practices, including homeopathy, and consumption of antibiotics in primary care: the EPI3 cohort study in France 2007-2008. PLoS One 2014; 9: e89990
- 28 Thompson EA, Mathie RT, Baitson ES. , et al. Towards standard setting for patient-reported outcomes in the NHS homeopathic hospitals. Homeopathy 2008; 97: 114-121
- 29 Thompson E, Viksveen P, Barron S. A patient reported outcome measure in homeopathic clinical practice for long-term conditions. Homeopathy 2016; 105: 309-317
- 30 Raman AV, Manchanda R. Public-private partnerships in the provision of homeopathic services in the city of Delhi, India. Int J High Dilution Res 2011; 10: 353-361
- 31 Manchanda RK, Verma SK, Chhatre LV, Kaur H. Homeopathy in urban primary healthcare units of the Delhi government: an assessment. In: Dinges M. , ed. Medical Pluralism and Homeopathy in India and Germany (1810-2010): A Comparison of Practices. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag; 2013: 91-104
- 32 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Annual Report 2013-14. Chapter 13. Medical Relief and Supplies. Available at: https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/CHAPTER%2013.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 33 Nagarajan R. Why more doctors are not the answer to India's health crisis. TNN | Sep 18, 2016, 00:00 IST. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-more-doctors-are-not-the-answer-to-Indias-health-crisis/articleshow/54383884.cms . Accessed April 23, 2018
- 34 Kumar J, Roy JD, Minhas AS. Knowledge level Regarding Public Health Issues among homeopathic practitioners. Global Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2012; 1: 18-24
- 35 Indian Council of Medical Research, Public Health Foundation of India and Institute For Health Metrics and Evaluation India: Health of the Nation's States; The India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative; 2017
- 36 LMHI-ECH-CCRH. Scientific Framework of Homeopathy. Revised edition after 69th LMHI Congress, July 2014 (Paris, France); Chapter: Users of Homeopathy: 11-16. Available at: www.lmhi.org/downloads/articles/lmhi-sc-framework-2014-june-15-2015.pdf . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 37 Dossett ML, Yeh GY. Homeopathy use in the United States and implications for public health: a review. Homeopathy 2018; 107: 3-9
- 38 Central Government Health Scheme. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of Delhi. Available at: https://cghs.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=5781&lid=3661 . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 39 Public health programmes by CCRH; Available at: http://www.ccrhindia.nic.in/Index1.aspx?lid=3620&lsid=5679&pid=56&lev=2&Regid=0&langid=1 . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 40 Rapid Action Epidemic Control Cell – Homeopathy in Kerala. Available at: https://freeandhealthychildren.org/2018/07/19/dengue-rapid-action-epidemic-control-cell-homeopathy-in-india-raech/ . Accessed September 7, 2018
- 41 Rossi E, Di Stefano M, Picchi M. , et al. Integration of homeopathy and complementary medicine in the Tuscan Public Health System and the experience of the Homeopathic Clinic of the Lucca Hospital. Homeopathy 2018; 107: 90-98