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CC BY 4.0 · Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2018; 40(12): 749-756
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675806
Original Article
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Association between Caffeine Consumption in Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth in the birth Cohort of Ribeirão Preto

Associação entre consumo de cafeína durante a gestação com baixo peso ao nascer e nascimento pré-termo na coorte de Ribeirão Preto
Fernanda Pino Vitti
1   Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
,
Carlos Grandi
2   Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
,
Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli
3   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
,
Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões
4   Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luiz, MA, Brazil
,
Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista
4   Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luiz, MA, Brazil
,
Viviane Cunha Cardoso
1   Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

28 May 2018

20 September 2018

Publication Date:
07 December 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Objective To describe caffeine consumption during pregnancy and its association with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth in the birth cohort of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010.

Methods Cohort study, with descriptive and analytical approach. Data included 7,607 women and their newborns in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The women answered standardized questionnaires about reproductive health, prenatal care, life habits, sociodemographic conditions, and information about coffee intake. The independent variable was high caffeine consumption (≥300 mg/day) from coffee during pregnancy, and the dependent variables were LBW (birth weight < 2,500 g) and preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestational age). Four adjusted polytomous logistic regression models, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were fitted: biological and sociodemographic conditions; obstetric history; current gestational conditions; and all variables included in the previous models.

Results A total of 4,908 (64.5%) mothers consumed caffeine, 143 (2.9%) of whom reported high consumption. High caffeine intake was significantly associated with reduced education and with the occupation of the head of the family, nonwhite skin color, not having a partner, higher parity, previous abortion and preterm birth, urinary tract infection, threatened abortion, alcohol consumption and smoking. No association was found between high caffeine consumption and LBW or preterm birth in both unadjusted (RR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.91–2.32; and RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.77–1.75, respectively) and adjusted analyses (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.85–2.38; and RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.65–1.63, respectively).

Conclusion In this cohort, high caffeine intake was lower than in other studies and no association with LBW or preterm birth was found.

Resumo

Objetivo Descrever a associação entre consumo de cafeína durante a gestação com baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) e nascimento pré-termo (PT) na coorte de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2010.

Métodos Estudo de coorte, com abordagem descritiva e analítica. Foram incluídas 7.607 mulheres e seus recém-nascidos em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. As mulheres responderam a questionários padronizados sobre saúde reprodutiva, cuidados pré-natais, hábitos de vida, condições sociodemográficas e consumo de cafeína. A variável independente foi alto consumo de cafeína (≥300 mg/dia) durante a gestação e as dependentes foram BPN (peso < 2.500 g) e nascimento PT (< 37 semanas de gestação). Foram calculados riscos relativos (RRs) e intervalos de confiança (ICs) de 95% em quatro modelos de regressão logística: condições biológicas e sociodemográficas; história obstétrica; condições da gestação atual; e todas as variáveis incluídas nos modelos anteriores.

Resultados Um total de 4.908 (64,5%) mães consumiram cafeína, e destas, 143 (2,9%) relataram alto consumo. Alto consumo de cafeína esteve associado com menor escolaridade materna, ocupação do chefe da família, cor de pele não branca, mulheres sem companheiro, maior paridade, aborto e nascimento PT anterior, infecção do trato urinário, ameaça de aborto, consumo de álcool e tabagismo. Não foi encontrada associação entre alto consumo de cafeína e BPN ou nascimento PT nas análises não ajustada (RR = 1,45; IC 95%: 0,91–2,32; e RR = 1,16; IC 95%: 0,77–1,75, respectivamente) e ajustada (RR = 1,42; IC 95%: 0,85–2,38; e RR = 1,03; IC 95%: 0,65–1,63, respectivamente).

Conclusão Nessa coorte, o alto consumo de cafeína foi menor que em outros estudos e não foi encontrada associação com BPN ou nascimento PT.

Keywords

caffeine - pregnancy - cohort studies - low birth weight - preterm birth

Palavras-chave

cafeína - gestação - estudo de coorte - baixo peso ao nascer - nascimento pré-termo

Contributions

All the authors participated in the selection of the theme, in the gathering of references and in the study design. Fernanda Vitti performed the data collection and wrote the article. Carlos Grandi performed the data analysis and the interpretation of the results. Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli, Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões and Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista reviewed the article, and all the authors gave their approval of the final version. Viviane Cunha Cardoso guided the other authors through the interpretation of the data and performed a critical review.


 

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