Citología urinaria: ¿Qué sabemos?

Resumen

El cáncer de vejiga es, en frecuencia, el segundo cáncer urológico y representa una mortalidad significativa. Es necesario entonces contar con herramientas diagnósticas efectivas que contribuyan a la toma de decisiones terapéuticas y de seguimiento. La citología urinaria es un método útil para dicho fin, pese a que es bien conocida su baja capacidad de identificación de tumores de bajo grado. Se ha demostrado cómo la citología urinaria es capaz de predecir la presencia de tumores uroteliales de alto grado que son, finalmente, aquellos que ameritan intervención pronta y ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente. Correctamente utilizada, la citología urinaria representa un apoyo fundamental en la toma de decisiones cuando el urólogo aborda el cáncer de vejiga.

Abstract

Bladder cancer is in frecuency, the second urological cancer and represents significant mortality. So is necessary to have effective diagnostic tools which contribute to therapeutic decision-making and monitoring. The urinary cytology has been and still is a useful method for this purpose, although it is well known their low ability to identify low-grade tumors. It has been shown how urinary cytology can predict the presence of high-grade urothelial tumors, which are finally those who deserve strict intervention and endanger the patient's life. Properly used, urinary cytology represents a fundamental support in decision-making when the urologist deals with bladder cancer.

Palabras Clave

citologia urinaria - cancer de vejiga

Keywords

urinary citology - bladder cancer

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