PDF herunterladen
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Morphological Sciences 2019; 36(01): 007-013
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1681016
Original Article
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Comparative Anatomy of the Forearm and Hand of Wildcat (Leopardus geoffroyi), Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and Jaguar (Panthera onca)

H. L. Sánchez
1   Institute of Anatomy, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina
,
M. E. Rafasquino
1   Institute of Anatomy, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina
,
E. L. Portiansky
2   Image Analysis Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

30. August 2018

06. Januar 2019

Publikationsdatum:
07. März 2019 (online)

   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Introduction The thoracic limbs of cats facilitate jumping and represent one of their main ways for pursuing and capturing prey. The main muscles and nerves involved in these activities are present in the region of the forearm and of the hand. The scant anatomical reference availabe on South American cats species justifies the present comparative study.

Materials and Methods The forelimbs of wildcat, ocelot and jaguar wild felines were fixed. Images of the dissected limbs were captured using a digital camera. Measurements were made using a caliper.

Results The long and short heads of the extensor carpi radialis muscle of the ocelot and of the jaguar showed a great development in comparison with those of the wildcat. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle in the three felines is formed by five heads. In the jaguar, the radial or deep head presented two sesamoid bones. The brachioradialis muscle of the jaguar and of the ocelot is inserted medially at the distal end of the radius and at the proximal row of the carpus by a thick and flattened tendon. The pronator teres muscle of the jaguar extended to the carpal region. In the wildcat and in the ocelot, this muscle was less developed

Conclusions The main variations observed between the forearms and the hands of these South American cats were found between the supinator and the pronator muscles, presenting a variation in the size of their bellies and tendons. Our study of the muscular characteristics represents a contribution to the homologies and differences of the forearm and hand muscles of each of these species of felines.

Keywords

South American felines - felines - forearm muscles - hand muscles - jaguar - ocelot - wildcat
 

  • References

  • 1 Bart JH, Rebecca JF, Said M, Gutierrez Silverio YM, Doncaster CP. Scrape-marking behavior of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor). J Mammal 2010; 91 (05) 1225-1234
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Ceballos G, Garcia A, Ehrlich PR. The sixth extinction crisis: Loss of animal populations and species. Journal Cosmology 2010; 8: 1821-1831
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Ledesma MA, Ledesma CO, Schiaffino K. , et al. Cytogenetic analysis of Panthera Onca (Felidae: Pantetherinae) from the province of Misiones, Argentina. Mastozoología neotropical 2004; 11 (01) 85-90 . Available at: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832004000100009&lng=es
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Sánchez HL, Silva LB, Rafasquino ME. , et al. Anatomical study of the forearm and hand nerves of the domestic cat ( Felis catus), puma ( Puma concolor) and jaguar ( Panthera onca). Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 42 (02) 99-104
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Silva LB, Sánchez HL. La inervación del miembro torácico en felinos. Analecta Vet 2013; 33 (01) 10-17
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Diogo R, Pastor F, De Paz F. , et al. The head and neck muscles of the serval and tiger: homologies, evolution, and proposal of a mammalian and a veterinary muscle ontology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295 (12) 2157-2178
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Schaller O. Nomenclatura Anatómica Veterinaria Ilustrada. Acribia: 1996. Zaragoza
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 8 Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. (NAV). International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. 5 th ed. Hannover, Columbia, Gent, Sapporo: Editorial Committee; 2012:18-23
  • 9 Concha I, Adaro L, Borroni C, Altamirano C. Consideraciones Anatómicas sobre la Musculatura Intrínseca del Miembro Torácico del Puma (Puma concolor) . Int J Morphol 2004; 22 (02) 121-125
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Geertsema A. Impressions and observations on serval behaviour in Tanzania, East Africa. Mammalia 1976; 40: 13-19
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 Seymour KL. Panthera onca. Mamm Species 1989; 340: 1-9
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Barone R. La myologie du lion (Panthera leo). Mammalia 1967; 31 (03) 459-514
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Ross FO. Myology of the cheetah, or hunting leopard of India (Felis jubata). Proc R Ir Acad 1876; 2 (03) 23-32
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Reighard J, Jennings HS. Anatomy of the cat. New York: Rinehart & Winston; 1966: 582-592
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 15 Medina Puentes R, Morales Munoz P. Concha Albornoz and Borroni Gonzalez. Descripción Anatómica de la Inervación del Miembro Pélvico de León Africano (Panthera leo). Int J Morphol 2014; 32 (03) 889-894
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 16 Dyce KM. Thoracic member. In: Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG eds. Veterinary Anatomy Treaty. 4th ed. México: El Manual Moderno S. A. de C. V; 2010:476–489
  • 17 Níkel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, Frewein J, Wilkens H, Wille K. The Locomotor System of Domestic Mammals. Berlin: Verlag Paul Parey; 1986: 515
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Liebich HG, Maierl J, König HE. Thoracic member. In: König HE, Liebich HG. eds. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2016: 165-234
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 19 De Souza PJ, Dos Santos LMPR, Nogueira DMP, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Occurrence and morphometrics of the brachioradialis muscle in wild carnivorans (Carnivora: Caniformia, Feliformia). Zoologia 2015; 32 (01) 23-32
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Hudson PE, Corr SA, Payne-Davis RC, Clancy SN, Lane E, Wilson AM. Functional anatomy of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) forelimb. J Anat 2011; 218 (04) 375-385
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Crouch J. Text-Atlas of Cat Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1969: 101-108
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Julik E, Zack S, Adrian B. , et al. Functional Anatomy of the Forelimb Muscles of the Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). J Mamm Evol 2012; 19 (04) 277-304
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Ruberte J, Sautet J, Navarro, M, et al. Thorax and thoracic limb. In: DoneS H, Goody PC, Evans SA, Strickland NC eds. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy: the dog and the cat. España: Elsevier Mosby; 2010:171–193
  • 24 El-Ghazali HM, El-behery EI. Comparative Macro-Anatomical Observations of the Appendicular Skeleton of New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Domestic Cat (Felis domestica) Thoracic Limb. Inter J Vet Sci 2018; 7: 127-133
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar