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Thromb Haemost 2019; 119(06): 860-870
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1681102
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Role of Cell Surface Lipids and Thiol-Disulphide Exchange Pathways in Regulating the Encryption and Decryption of Tissue Factor

Shabbir A. Ansari
1   Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States
,
Usha R. Pendurthi
1   Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States
,
L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
1   Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, United States
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants HL124055 and HL107483 to L.V.M.R. and American Heart Association’s post-doctoral fellowship award to S.A.A.
Further Information

Publication History

30 November 2018

21 January 2019

Publication Date:
12 March 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is the cellular receptor of the coagulation factors VII (FVII) and VIIa (FVIIa). The formation of TF–FVIIa complex triggers the initiation of the blood coagulation pathway. TF plays an essential role in haemostasis, but an aberrant expression of TF activity contributes to thrombotic disorders. In health, TF pro-coagulant activity on cells is controlled tightly to allow sufficient coagulant activity to achieve haemostasis but not to cause thrombosis. It is achieved largely by selective localization of TF in the body and encryption of TF at the cell surface. A vast majority of TF on resting cells exists in an encrypted state with minimal pro-coagulant activity but becomes pro-thrombotic following cell injury or activation. At present, the mechanisms that are responsible for TF encryption and activation (decryption) are not entirely clear, but recent studies provide important mechanistic insights into these processes. To date, externalization of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet and thiol-disulphide exchange pathways that either turn on and off the allosteric disulphide bond in TF are shown to play a major role in regulating TF pro-coagulant activity on cell surfaces. Recent studies showed that sphingomyelin, a major phospholipid in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, plays a critical role in the encryption of TF in resting cells. The present review provides an overview of recent literature on the above-described mechanisms of TF encryption and decryption with a particular emphasis on our recent findings.

Keywords

tissue factor - factor VIIa - encryption - decryption - sphingomyelin - phosphatidylserine - thiol-disulphide exchange pathways

Authors' Contributions

All authors contributed to the preparation and review of the article.


 

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